mirror of
https://github.com/morgan9e/systemd
synced 2026-04-14 00:14:32 +09:00
5430f7f2bc
We finally got the OK from all contributors with non-trivial commits to relicense systemd from GPL2+ to LGPL2.1+. Some udev bits continue to be GPL2+ for now, but we are looking into relicensing them too, to allow free copy/paste of all code within systemd. The bits that used to be MIT continue to be MIT. The big benefit of the relicensing is that closed source code may now link against libsystemd-login.so and friends.
216 lines
9.4 KiB
XML
216 lines
9.4 KiB
XML
<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
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<!--
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This file is part of systemd.
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Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
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systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
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WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
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Lesser General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
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along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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-->
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<refentry id="systemd-nspawn">
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>systemd-nspawn</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<contrib>Developer</contrib>
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<firstname>Lennart</firstname>
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<surname>Poettering</surname>
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<email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>systemd-nspawn</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>systemd-nspawn</refname>
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<refpurpose>Spawn a namespace container for debugging, testing and building</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>systemd-nspawn <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> <arg choice="opt">COMMAND</arg> <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">ARGS</arg></command>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para><command>systemd-nspawn</command> may be used to
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run a command or OS in a light-weight namespace
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container. In many ways it is similar to
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chroot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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but more powerful since it fully virtualizes the file
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system hierarchy, as well as the process tree, the
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various IPC subsystems and the host and domain
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name.</para>
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<para><command>systemd-nspawn</command> limits access
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to various kernel interfaces in the container to
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read-only, such as <filename>/sys</filename>,
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<filename>/proc/sys</filename> or
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<filename>/sys/fs/selinux</filename>. Network
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interfaces and the system clock may not be changed
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from within the container. Device nodes may not be
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created. The host system cannot be rebooted and kernel
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modules may not be loaded from within the
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container.</para>
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<para>Note that even though these security precautions
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are taken <command>systemd-nspawn</command> is not
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suitable for secure container setups. Many of the
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security features may be circumvented and are hence
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primarily useful to avoid accidental changes to the
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host system from the container. The intended use of
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this program is debugging and testing as well as
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building of packages, distributions and software
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involved with boot and systems management.</para>
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<para>In contrast to
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chroot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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<command>systemd-nspawn</command> may be used to boot
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full Linux-based operating systems in a
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container.</para>
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<para>Use a tool like
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>debootstrap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> or <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mock</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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to set up an OS directory tree suitable as file system
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hierarchy for <command>systemd-nspawn</command> containers.</para>
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<para>Note that <command>systemd-nspawn</command> will
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mount file systems private to the container to
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<filename>/dev</filename>,
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<filename>/run</filename> and similar. These will
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not be visible outside of the container, and their
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contents will be lost when the container exits.</para>
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<para>Note that running two
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<command>systemd-nspawn</command> containers from the
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same directory tree will not make processes in them
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see each other. The PID namespace separation of the
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two containers is complete and the containers will
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share very few runtime objects except for the
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underlying file system.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Options</title>
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<para>If no arguments are passed the container is set
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up and a shell started in it, otherwise the passed
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command and arguments are executed in it. The
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following options are understood:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--help</option></term>
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<term><option>-h</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Prints a short help
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text and exits.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--directory=</option></term>
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<term><option>-D</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Directory to use as
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file system root for the namespace
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container. If omitted the current
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directory will be
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used.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--user=</option></term>
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<term><option>-u</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Run the command
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under specified user, create home
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directory and cd into it. As rest
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of systemd-nspawn, this is not
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the security feature and limits
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against accidental changes only.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--private-network</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Turn off networking in
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the container. This makes all network
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interfaces unavailable in the
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container, with the exception of the
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loopback device.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Example 1</title>
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<programlisting># debootstrap --arch=amd64 unstable debian-tree/
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# systemd-nspawn -D debian-tree/</programlisting>
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<para>This installs a minimal Debian unstable
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distribution into the directory
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<filename>debian-tree/</filename> and then spawns a
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shell in a namespace container in it.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Example 2</title>
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<programlisting># mock --init
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# systemd-nspawn -D /var/lib/mock/fedora-rawhide-x86_64/root/ /sbin/init systemd.log_level=debug</programlisting>
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<para>This installs a minimal Fedora distribution into
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a subdirectory of <filename>/var/lib/mock/</filename>
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and then boots an OS in a namespace container in it,
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with systemd as init system, configured for debug
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logging.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Exit status</title>
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<para>The exit code of the program executed in the
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container is returned.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>See Also</title>
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<para>
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chroot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>debootstrap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mock</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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</refentry>
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