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<#
.Synopsis
Activate a Python virtual environment for the current PowerShell session.
.Description
Pushes the python executable for a virtual environment to the front of the
$Env:PATH environment variable and sets the prompt to signify that you are
in a Python virtual environment. Makes use of the command line switches as
well as the `pyvenv.cfg` file values present in the virtual environment.
.Parameter VenvDir
Path to the directory that contains the virtual environment to activate. The
default value for this is the parent of the directory that the Activate.ps1
script is located within.
.Parameter Prompt
The prompt prefix to display when this virtual environment is activated. By
default, this prompt is the name of the virtual environment folder (VenvDir)
surrounded by parentheses and followed by a single space (ie. '(.venv) ').
.Example
Activate.ps1
Activates the Python virtual environment that contains the Activate.ps1 script.
.Example
Activate.ps1 -Verbose
Activates the Python virtual environment that contains the Activate.ps1 script,
and shows extra information about the activation as it executes.
.Example
Activate.ps1 -VenvDir C:\Users\MyUser\Common\.venv
Activates the Python virtual environment located in the specified location.
.Example
Activate.ps1 -Prompt "MyPython"
Activates the Python virtual environment that contains the Activate.ps1 script,
and prefixes the current prompt with the specified string (surrounded in
parentheses) while the virtual environment is active.
.Notes
On Windows, it may be required to enable this Activate.ps1 script by setting the
execution policy for the user. You can do this by issuing the following PowerShell
command:
PS C:\> Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -Scope CurrentUser
For more information on Execution Policies:
https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=135170
#>
Param(
[Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
[String]
$VenvDir,
[Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
[String]
$Prompt
)
<# Function declarations --------------------------------------------------- #>
<#
.Synopsis
Remove all shell session elements added by the Activate script, including the
addition of the virtual environment's Python executable from the beginning of
the PATH variable.
.Parameter NonDestructive
If present, do not remove this function from the global namespace for the
session.
#>
function global:deactivate ([switch]$NonDestructive) {
# Revert to original values
# The prior prompt:
if (Test-Path -Path Function:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT) {
Copy-Item -Path Function:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT -Destination Function:prompt
Remove-Item -Path Function:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT
}
# The prior PYTHONHOME:
if (Test-Path -Path Env:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME) {
Copy-Item -Path Env:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME -Destination Env:PYTHONHOME
Remove-Item -Path Env:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME
}
# The prior PATH:
if (Test-Path -Path Env:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH) {
Copy-Item -Path Env:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH -Destination Env:PATH
Remove-Item -Path Env:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH
}
# Just remove the VIRTUAL_ENV altogether:
if (Test-Path -Path Env:VIRTUAL_ENV) {
Remove-Item -Path env:VIRTUAL_ENV
}
# Just remove VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT altogether.
if (Test-Path -Path Env:VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT) {
Remove-Item -Path env:VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT
}
# Just remove the _PYTHON_VENV_PROMPT_PREFIX altogether:
if (Get-Variable -Name "_PYTHON_VENV_PROMPT_PREFIX" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue) {
Remove-Variable -Name _PYTHON_VENV_PROMPT_PREFIX -Scope Global -Force
}
# Leave deactivate function in the global namespace if requested:
if (-not $NonDestructive) {
Remove-Item -Path function:deactivate
}
}
<#
.Description
Get-PyVenvConfig parses the values from the pyvenv.cfg file located in the
given folder, and returns them in a map.
For each line in the pyvenv.cfg file, if that line can be parsed into exactly
two strings separated by `=` (with any amount of whitespace surrounding the =)
then it is considered a `key = value` line. The left hand string is the key,
the right hand is the value.
If the value starts with a `'` or a `"` then the first and last character is
stripped from the value before being captured.
.Parameter ConfigDir
Path to the directory that contains the `pyvenv.cfg` file.
#>
function Get-PyVenvConfig(
[String]
$ConfigDir
) {
Write-Verbose "Given ConfigDir=$ConfigDir, obtain values in pyvenv.cfg"
# Ensure the file exists, and issue a warning if it doesn't (but still allow the function to continue).
$pyvenvConfigPath = Join-Path -Resolve -Path $ConfigDir -ChildPath 'pyvenv.cfg' -ErrorAction Continue
# An empty map will be returned if no config file is found.
$pyvenvConfig = @{ }
if ($pyvenvConfigPath) {
Write-Verbose "File exists, parse `key = value` lines"
$pyvenvConfigContent = Get-Content -Path $pyvenvConfigPath
$pyvenvConfigContent | ForEach-Object {
$keyval = $PSItem -split "\s*=\s*", 2
if ($keyval[0] -and $keyval[1]) {
$val = $keyval[1]
# Remove extraneous quotations around a string value.
if ("'""".Contains($val.Substring(0, 1))) {
$val = $val.Substring(1, $val.Length - 2)
}
$pyvenvConfig[$keyval[0]] = $val
Write-Verbose "Adding Key: '$($keyval[0])'='$val'"
}
}
}
return $pyvenvConfig
}
<# Begin Activate script --------------------------------------------------- #>
# Determine the containing directory of this script
$VenvExecPath = Split-Path -Parent $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Definition
$VenvExecDir = Get-Item -Path $VenvExecPath
Write-Verbose "Activation script is located in path: '$VenvExecPath'"
Write-Verbose "VenvExecDir Fullname: '$($VenvExecDir.FullName)"
Write-Verbose "VenvExecDir Name: '$($VenvExecDir.Name)"
# Set values required in priority: CmdLine, ConfigFile, Default
# First, get the location of the virtual environment, it might not be
# VenvExecDir if specified on the command line.
if ($VenvDir) {
Write-Verbose "VenvDir given as parameter, using '$VenvDir' to determine values"
}
else {
Write-Verbose "VenvDir not given as a parameter, using parent directory name as VenvDir."
$VenvDir = $VenvExecDir.Parent.FullName.TrimEnd("\\/")
Write-Verbose "VenvDir=$VenvDir"
}
# Next, read the `pyvenv.cfg` file to determine any required value such
# as `prompt`.
$pyvenvCfg = Get-PyVenvConfig -ConfigDir $VenvDir
# Next, set the prompt from the command line, or the config file, or
# just use the name of the virtual environment folder.
if ($Prompt) {
Write-Verbose "Prompt specified as argument, using '$Prompt'"
}
else {
Write-Verbose "Prompt not specified as argument to script, checking pyvenv.cfg value"
if ($pyvenvCfg -and $pyvenvCfg['prompt']) {
Write-Verbose " Setting based on value in pyvenv.cfg='$($pyvenvCfg['prompt'])'"
$Prompt = $pyvenvCfg['prompt'];
}
else {
Write-Verbose " Setting prompt based on parent's directory's name. (Is the directory name passed to venv module when creating the virtual environment)"
Write-Verbose " Got leaf-name of $VenvDir='$(Split-Path -Path $venvDir -Leaf)'"
$Prompt = Split-Path -Path $venvDir -Leaf
}
}
Write-Verbose "Prompt = '$Prompt'"
Write-Verbose "VenvDir='$VenvDir'"
# Deactivate any currently active virtual environment, but leave the
# deactivate function in place.
deactivate -nondestructive
# Now set the environment variable VIRTUAL_ENV, used by many tools to determine
# that there is an activated venv.
$env:VIRTUAL_ENV = $VenvDir
if (-not $Env:VIRTUAL_ENV_DISABLE_PROMPT) {
Write-Verbose "Setting prompt to '$Prompt'"
# Set the prompt to include the env name
# Make sure _OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT is global
function global:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT { "" }
Copy-Item -Path function:prompt -Destination function:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT
New-Variable -Name _PYTHON_VENV_PROMPT_PREFIX -Description "Python virtual environment prompt prefix" -Scope Global -Option ReadOnly -Visibility Public -Value $Prompt
function global:prompt {
Write-Host -NoNewline -ForegroundColor Green "($_PYTHON_VENV_PROMPT_PREFIX) "
_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT
}
$env:VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT = $Prompt
}
# Clear PYTHONHOME
if (Test-Path -Path Env:PYTHONHOME) {
Copy-Item -Path Env:PYTHONHOME -Destination Env:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME
Remove-Item -Path Env:PYTHONHOME
}
# Add the venv to the PATH
Copy-Item -Path Env:PATH -Destination Env:_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH
$Env:PATH = "$VenvExecDir$([System.IO.Path]::PathSeparator)$Env:PATH"

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# This file must be used with "source bin/activate" *from bash*
# You cannot run it directly
deactivate () {
# reset old environment variables
if [ -n "${_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH:-}" ] ; then
PATH="${_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH:-}"
export PATH
unset _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH
fi
if [ -n "${_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME:-}" ] ; then
PYTHONHOME="${_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME:-}"
export PYTHONHOME
unset _OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME
fi
# This should detect bash and zsh, which have a hash command that must
# be called to get it to forget past commands. Without forgetting
# past commands the $PATH changes we made may not be respected
if [ -n "${BASH:-}" -o -n "${ZSH_VERSION:-}" ] ; then
hash -r 2> /dev/null
fi
if [ -n "${_OLD_VIRTUAL_PS1:-}" ] ; then
PS1="${_OLD_VIRTUAL_PS1:-}"
export PS1
unset _OLD_VIRTUAL_PS1
fi
unset VIRTUAL_ENV
unset VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT
if [ ! "${1:-}" = "nondestructive" ] ; then
# Self destruct!
unset -f deactivate
fi
}
# unset irrelevant variables
deactivate nondestructive
# on Windows, a path can contain colons and backslashes and has to be converted:
if [ "$OSTYPE" = "cygwin" ] || [ "$OSTYPE" = "msys" ] ; then
# transform D:\path\to\venv to /d/path/to/venv on MSYS
# and to /cygdrive/d/path/to/venv on Cygwin
export VIRTUAL_ENV=$(cygpath "/home/morgan/Lab/webtty/.env")
else
# use the path as-is
export VIRTUAL_ENV="/home/morgan/Lab/webtty/.env"
fi
_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH="$PATH"
PATH="$VIRTUAL_ENV/bin:$PATH"
export PATH
# unset PYTHONHOME if set
# this will fail if PYTHONHOME is set to the empty string (which is bad anyway)
# could use `if (set -u; : $PYTHONHOME) ;` in bash
if [ -n "${PYTHONHOME:-}" ] ; then
_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME="${PYTHONHOME:-}"
unset PYTHONHOME
fi
if [ -z "${VIRTUAL_ENV_DISABLE_PROMPT:-}" ] ; then
_OLD_VIRTUAL_PS1="${PS1:-}"
PS1="(.env) ${PS1:-}"
export PS1
VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT="(.env) "
export VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT
fi
# This should detect bash and zsh, which have a hash command that must
# be called to get it to forget past commands. Without forgetting
# past commands the $PATH changes we made may not be respected
if [ -n "${BASH:-}" -o -n "${ZSH_VERSION:-}" ] ; then
hash -r 2> /dev/null
fi

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# This file must be used with "source bin/activate.csh" *from csh*.
# You cannot run it directly.
# Created by Davide Di Blasi <davidedb@gmail.com>.
# Ported to Python 3.3 venv by Andrew Svetlov <andrew.svetlov@gmail.com>
alias deactivate 'test $?_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH != 0 && setenv PATH "$_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH" && unset _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH; rehash; test $?_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT != 0 && set prompt="$_OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT" && unset _OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT; unsetenv VIRTUAL_ENV; unsetenv VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT; test "\!:*" != "nondestructive" && unalias deactivate'
# Unset irrelevant variables.
deactivate nondestructive
setenv VIRTUAL_ENV "/home/morgan/Lab/webtty/.env"
set _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH="$PATH"
setenv PATH "$VIRTUAL_ENV/bin:$PATH"
set _OLD_VIRTUAL_PROMPT="$prompt"
if (! "$?VIRTUAL_ENV_DISABLE_PROMPT") then
set prompt = "(.env) $prompt"
setenv VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT "(.env) "
endif
alias pydoc python -m pydoc
rehash

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# This file must be used with "source <venv>/bin/activate.fish" *from fish*
# (https://fishshell.com/). You cannot run it directly.
function deactivate -d "Exit virtual environment and return to normal shell environment"
# reset old environment variables
if test -n "$_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH"
set -gx PATH $_OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH
set -e _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH
end
if test -n "$_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME"
set -gx PYTHONHOME $_OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME
set -e _OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME
end
if test -n "$_OLD_FISH_PROMPT_OVERRIDE"
set -e _OLD_FISH_PROMPT_OVERRIDE
# prevents error when using nested fish instances (Issue #93858)
if functions -q _old_fish_prompt
functions -e fish_prompt
functions -c _old_fish_prompt fish_prompt
functions -e _old_fish_prompt
end
end
set -e VIRTUAL_ENV
set -e VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT
if test "$argv[1]" != "nondestructive"
# Self-destruct!
functions -e deactivate
end
end
# Unset irrelevant variables.
deactivate nondestructive
set -gx VIRTUAL_ENV "/home/morgan/Lab/webtty/.env"
set -gx _OLD_VIRTUAL_PATH $PATH
set -gx PATH "$VIRTUAL_ENV/bin" $PATH
# Unset PYTHONHOME if set.
if set -q PYTHONHOME
set -gx _OLD_VIRTUAL_PYTHONHOME $PYTHONHOME
set -e PYTHONHOME
end
if test -z "$VIRTUAL_ENV_DISABLE_PROMPT"
# fish uses a function instead of an env var to generate the prompt.
# Save the current fish_prompt function as the function _old_fish_prompt.
functions -c fish_prompt _old_fish_prompt
# With the original prompt function renamed, we can override with our own.
function fish_prompt
# Save the return status of the last command.
set -l old_status $status
# Output the venv prompt; color taken from the blue of the Python logo.
printf "%s%s%s" (set_color 4B8BBE) "(.env) " (set_color normal)
# Restore the return status of the previous command.
echo "exit $old_status" | .
# Output the original/"old" prompt.
_old_fish_prompt
end
set -gx _OLD_FISH_PROMPT_OVERRIDE "$VIRTUAL_ENV"
set -gx VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT "(.env) "
end

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#!/home/morgan/Lab/webtty/.env/bin/python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import re
import sys
from dotenv.__main__ import cli
if __name__ == '__main__':
sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
sys.exit(cli())

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#!/home/morgan/Lab/webtty/.env/bin/python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import re
import sys
from pip._internal.cli.main import main
if __name__ == '__main__':
sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
sys.exit(main())

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#!/home/morgan/Lab/webtty/.env/bin/python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import re
import sys
from pip._internal.cli.main import main
if __name__ == '__main__':
sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
sys.exit(main())

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#!/home/morgan/Lab/webtty/.env/bin/python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import re
import sys
from pip._internal.cli.main import main
if __name__ == '__main__':
sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
sys.exit(main())

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python3

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.env/bin/python3 Symbolic link
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/usr/bin/python3

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.env/bin/python3.12 Symbolic link
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python3

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#!/home/morgan/Lab/webtty/.env/bin/python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import re
import sys
from uvicorn.main import main
if __name__ == '__main__':
sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
sys.exit(main())

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#!/home/morgan/Lab/webtty/.env/bin/python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import re
import sys
from watchfiles.cli import cli
if __name__ == '__main__':
sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
sys.exit(cli())

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pip

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Copyright (c) 2017-2021 Ingy döt Net
Copyright (c) 2006-2016 Kirill Simonov
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do
so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.

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Metadata-Version: 2.1
Name: PyYAML
Version: 6.0.1
Summary: YAML parser and emitter for Python
Home-page: https://pyyaml.org/
Download-URL: https://pypi.org/project/PyYAML/
Author: Kirill Simonov
Author-email: xi@resolvent.net
License: MIT
Project-URL: Bug Tracker, https://github.com/yaml/pyyaml/issues
Project-URL: CI, https://github.com/yaml/pyyaml/actions
Project-URL: Documentation, https://pyyaml.org/wiki/PyYAMLDocumentation
Project-URL: Mailing lists, http://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/yaml-core
Project-URL: Source Code, https://github.com/yaml/pyyaml
Platform: Any
Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
Classifier: Programming Language :: Cython
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy
Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules
Classifier: Topic :: Text Processing :: Markup
Requires-Python: >=3.6
License-File: LICENSE
YAML is a data serialization format designed for human readability
and interaction with scripting languages. PyYAML is a YAML parser
and emitter for Python.
PyYAML features a complete YAML 1.1 parser, Unicode support, pickle
support, capable extension API, and sensible error messages. PyYAML
supports standard YAML tags and provides Python-specific tags that
allow to represent an arbitrary Python object.
PyYAML is applicable for a broad range of tasks from complex
configuration files to object serialization and persistence.

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yaml/serializer.py,sha256=ChuFgmhU01hj4xgI8GaKv6vfM2Bujwa9i7d2FAHj7cA,4165
yaml/tokens.py,sha256=lTQIzSVw8Mg9wv459-TjiOQe6wVziqaRlqX2_89rp54,2573

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Wheel-Version: 1.0
Generator: bdist_wheel (0.41.2)
Root-Is-Purelib: false
Tag: cp312-cp312-manylinux_2_17_x86_64
Tag: cp312-cp312-manylinux2014_x86_64

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_yaml
yaml

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# This is a stub package designed to roughly emulate the _yaml
# extension module, which previously existed as a standalone module
# and has been moved into the `yaml` package namespace.
# It does not perfectly mimic its old counterpart, but should get
# close enough for anyone who's relying on it even when they shouldn't.
import yaml
# in some circumstances, the yaml module we imoprted may be from a different version, so we need
# to tread carefully when poking at it here (it may not have the attributes we expect)
if not getattr(yaml, '__with_libyaml__', False):
from sys import version_info
exc = ModuleNotFoundError if version_info >= (3, 6) else ImportError
raise exc("No module named '_yaml'")
else:
from yaml._yaml import *
import warnings
warnings.warn(
'The _yaml extension module is now located at yaml._yaml'
' and its location is subject to change. To use the'
' LibYAML-based parser and emitter, import from `yaml`:'
' `from yaml import CLoader as Loader, CDumper as Dumper`.',
DeprecationWarning
)
del warnings
# Don't `del yaml` here because yaml is actually an existing
# namespace member of _yaml.
__name__ = '_yaml'
# If the module is top-level (i.e. not a part of any specific package)
# then the attribute should be set to ''.
# https://docs.python.org/3.8/library/types.html
__package__ = ''

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Metadata-Version: 2.1
Name: annotated-types
Version: 0.6.0
Summary: Reusable constraint types to use with typing.Annotated
Author-email: Samuel Colvin <s@muelcolvin.com>, Adrian Garcia Badaracco <1755071+adriangb@users.noreply.github.com>, Zac Hatfield-Dodds <zac@zhd.dev>
License-File: LICENSE
Classifier: Development Status :: 4 - Beta
Classifier: Environment :: Console
Classifier: Environment :: MacOS X
Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
Classifier: Intended Audience :: Information Technology
Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
Classifier: Operating System :: POSIX :: Linux
Classifier: Operating System :: Unix
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules
Classifier: Typing :: Typed
Requires-Python: >=3.8
Requires-Dist: typing-extensions>=4.0.0; python_version < '3.9'
Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
# annotated-types
[![CI](https://github.com/annotated-types/annotated-types/workflows/CI/badge.svg?event=push)](https://github.com/annotated-types/annotated-types/actions?query=event%3Apush+branch%3Amain+workflow%3ACI)
[![pypi](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/annotated-types.svg)](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/annotated-types)
[![versions](https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/annotated-types.svg)](https://github.com/annotated-types/annotated-types)
[![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/annotated-types/annotated-types.svg)](https://github.com/annotated-types/annotated-types/blob/main/LICENSE)
[PEP-593](https://peps.python.org/pep-0593/) added `typing.Annotated` as a way of
adding context-specific metadata to existing types, and specifies that
`Annotated[T, x]` _should_ be treated as `T` by any tool or library without special
logic for `x`.
This package provides metadata objects which can be used to represent common
constraints such as upper and lower bounds on scalar values and collection sizes,
a `Predicate` marker for runtime checks, and
descriptions of how we intend these metadata to be interpreted. In some cases,
we also note alternative representations which do not require this package.
## Install
```bash
pip install annotated-types
```
## Examples
```python
from typing import Annotated
from annotated_types import Gt, Len, Predicate
class MyClass:
age: Annotated[int, Gt(18)] # Valid: 19, 20, ...
# Invalid: 17, 18, "19", 19.0, ...
factors: list[Annotated[int, Predicate(is_prime)]] # Valid: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, ...
# Invalid: 4, 8, -2, 5.0, "prime", ...
my_list: Annotated[list[int], Len(0, 10)] # Valid: [], [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
# Invalid: (1, 2), ["abc"], [0] * 20
```
## Documentation
_While `annotated-types` avoids runtime checks for performance, users should not
construct invalid combinations such as `MultipleOf("non-numeric")` or `Annotated[int, Len(3)]`.
Downstream implementors may choose to raise an error, emit a warning, silently ignore
a metadata item, etc., if the metadata objects described below are used with an
incompatible type - or for any other reason!_
### Gt, Ge, Lt, Le
Express inclusive and/or exclusive bounds on orderable values - which may be numbers,
dates, times, strings, sets, etc. Note that the boundary value need not be of the
same type that was annotated, so long as they can be compared: `Annotated[int, Gt(1.5)]`
is fine, for example, and implies that the value is an integer x such that `x > 1.5`.
We suggest that implementors may also interpret `functools.partial(operator.le, 1.5)`
as being equivalent to `Gt(1.5)`, for users who wish to avoid a runtime dependency on
the `annotated-types` package.
To be explicit, these types have the following meanings:
* `Gt(x)` - value must be "Greater Than" `x` - equivalent to exclusive minimum
* `Ge(x)` - value must be "Greater than or Equal" to `x` - equivalent to inclusive minimum
* `Lt(x)` - value must be "Less Than" `x` - equivalent to exclusive maximum
* `Le(x)` - value must be "Less than or Equal" to `x` - equivalent to inclusive maximum
### Interval
`Interval(gt, ge, lt, le)` allows you to specify an upper and lower bound with a single
metadata object. `None` attributes should be ignored, and non-`None` attributes
treated as per the single bounds above.
### MultipleOf
`MultipleOf(multiple_of=x)` might be interpreted in two ways:
1. Python semantics, implying `value % multiple_of == 0`, or
2. [JSONschema semantics](https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/json-schema-validation.html#rfc.section.6.2.1),
where `int(value / multiple_of) == value / multiple_of`.
We encourage users to be aware of these two common interpretations and their
distinct behaviours, especially since very large or non-integer numbers make
it easy to cause silent data corruption due to floating-point imprecision.
We encourage libraries to carefully document which interpretation they implement.
### MinLen, MaxLen, Len
`Len()` implies that `min_length <= len(value) <= max_length` - lower and upper bounds are inclusive.
As well as `Len()` which can optionally include upper and lower bounds, we also
provide `MinLen(x)` and `MaxLen(y)` which are equivalent to `Len(min_length=x)`
and `Len(max_length=y)` respectively.
`Len`, `MinLen`, and `MaxLen` may be used with any type which supports `len(value)`.
Examples of usage:
* `Annotated[list, MaxLen(10)]` (or `Annotated[list, Len(max_length=10))`) - list must have a length of 10 or less
* `Annotated[str, MaxLen(10)]` - string must have a length of 10 or less
* `Annotated[list, MinLen(3))` (or `Annotated[list, Len(min_length=3))`) - list must have a length of 3 or more
* `Annotated[list, Len(4, 6)]` - list must have a length of 4, 5, or 6
* `Annotated[list, Len(8, 8)]` - list must have a length of exactly 8
#### Changed in v0.4.0
* `min_inclusive` has been renamed to `min_length`, no change in meaning
* `max_exclusive` has been renamed to `max_length`, upper bound is now **inclusive** instead of **exclusive**
* The recommendation that slices are interpreted as `Len` has been removed due to ambiguity and different semantic
meaning of the upper bound in slices vs. `Len`
See [issue #23](https://github.com/annotated-types/annotated-types/issues/23) for discussion.
### Timezone
`Timezone` can be used with a `datetime` or a `time` to express which timezones
are allowed. `Annotated[datetime, Timezone(None)]` must be a naive datetime.
`Timezone[...]` ([literal ellipsis](https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#Ellipsis))
expresses that any timezone-aware datetime is allowed. You may also pass a specific
timezone string or `timezone` object such as `Timezone(timezone.utc)` or
`Timezone("Africa/Abidjan")` to express that you only allow a specific timezone,
though we note that this is often a symptom of fragile design.
### Predicate
`Predicate(func: Callable)` expresses that `func(value)` is truthy for valid values.
Users should prefer the statically inspectable metadata above, but if you need
the full power and flexibility of arbitrary runtime predicates... here it is.
We provide a few predefined predicates for common string constraints:
* `IsLower = Predicate(str.islower)`
* `IsUpper = Predicate(str.isupper)`
* `IsDigit = Predicate(str.isdigit)`
* `IsFinite = Predicate(math.isfinite)`
* `IsNotFinite = Predicate(Not(math.isfinite))`
* `IsNan = Predicate(math.isnan)`
* `IsNotNan = Predicate(Not(math.isnan))`
* `IsInfinite = Predicate(math.isinf)`
* `IsNotInfinite = Predicate(Not(math.isinf))`
Some libraries might have special logic to handle known or understandable predicates,
for example by checking for `str.isdigit` and using its presence to both call custom
logic to enforce digit-only strings, and customise some generated external schema.
Users are therefore encouraged to avoid indirection like `lambda s: s.lower()`, in
favor of introspectable methods such as `str.lower` or `re.compile("pattern").search`.
To enable basic negation of commonly used predicates like `math.isnan` without introducing introspection that makes it impossible for implementers to introspect the predicate we provide a `Not` wrapper that simply negates the predicate in an introspectable manner. Several of the predicates listed above are created in this manner.
We do not specify what behaviour should be expected for predicates that raise
an exception. For example `Annotated[int, Predicate(str.isdigit)]` might silently
skip invalid constraints, or statically raise an error; or it might try calling it
and then propogate or discard the resulting
`TypeError: descriptor 'isdigit' for 'str' objects doesn't apply to a 'int' object`
exception. We encourage libraries to document the behaviour they choose.
### Doc
`doc()` can be used to add documentation information in `Annotated`, for function and method parameters, variables, class attributes, return types, and any place where `Annotated` can be used.
It expects a value that can be statically analyzed, as the main use case is for static analysis, editors, documentation generators, and similar tools.
It returns a `DocInfo` class with a single attribute `documentation` containing the value passed to `doc()`.
This is the early adopter's alternative form of the [`typing-doc` proposal](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/blob/typing-doc/typing_doc.md).
### Integrating downstream types with `GroupedMetadata`
Implementers may choose to provide a convenience wrapper that groups multiple pieces of metadata.
This can help reduce verbosity and cognitive overhead for users.
For example, an implementer like Pydantic might provide a `Field` or `Meta` type that accepts keyword arguments and transforms these into low-level metadata:
```python
from dataclasses import dataclass
from typing import Iterator
from annotated_types import GroupedMetadata, Ge
@dataclass
class Field(GroupedMetadata):
ge: int | None = None
description: str | None = None
def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[object]:
# Iterating over a GroupedMetadata object should yield annotated-types
# constraint metadata objects which describe it as fully as possible,
# and may include other unknown objects too.
if self.ge is not None:
yield Ge(self.ge)
if self.description is not None:
yield Description(self.description)
```
Libraries consuming annotated-types constraints should check for `GroupedMetadata` and unpack it by iterating over the object and treating the results as if they had been "unpacked" in the `Annotated` type. The same logic should be applied to the [PEP 646 `Unpack` type](https://peps.python.org/pep-0646/), so that `Annotated[T, Field(...)]`, `Annotated[T, Unpack[Field(...)]]` and `Annotated[T, *Field(...)]` are all treated consistently.
Libraries consuming annotated-types should also ignore any metadata they do not recongize that came from unpacking a `GroupedMetadata`, just like they ignore unrecognized metadata in `Annotated` itself.
Our own `annotated_types.Interval` class is a `GroupedMetadata` which unpacks itself into `Gt`, `Lt`, etc., so this is not an abstract concern. Similarly, `annotated_types.Len` is a `GroupedMetadata` which unpacks itself into `MinLen` (optionally) and `MaxLen`.
### Consuming metadata
We intend to not be prescriptive as to _how_ the metadata and constraints are used, but as an example of how one might parse constraints from types annotations see our [implementation in `test_main.py`](https://github.com/annotated-types/annotated-types/blob/f59cf6d1b5255a0fe359b93896759a180bec30ae/tests/test_main.py#L94-L103).
It is up to the implementer to determine how this metadata is used.
You could use the metadata for runtime type checking, for generating schemas or to generate example data, amongst other use cases.
## Design & History
This package was designed at the PyCon 2022 sprints by the maintainers of Pydantic
and Hypothesis, with the goal of making it as easy as possible for end-users to
provide more informative annotations for use by runtime libraries.
It is deliberately minimal, and following PEP-593 allows considerable downstream
discretion in what (if anything!) they choose to support. Nonetheless, we expect
that staying simple and covering _only_ the most common use-cases will give users
and maintainers the best experience we can. If you'd like more constraints for your
types - follow our lead, by defining them and documenting them downstream!

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Wheel-Version: 1.0
Generator: hatchling 1.18.0
Root-Is-Purelib: true
Tag: py3-none-any

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The MIT License (MIT)
Copyright (c) 2022 the contributors
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.

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import math
import sys
from dataclasses import dataclass
from datetime import timezone
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Iterator, Optional, SupportsFloat, SupportsIndex, TypeVar, Union
if sys.version_info < (3, 8):
from typing_extensions import Protocol, runtime_checkable
else:
from typing import Protocol, runtime_checkable
if sys.version_info < (3, 9):
from typing_extensions import Annotated, Literal
else:
from typing import Annotated, Literal
if sys.version_info < (3, 10):
EllipsisType = type(Ellipsis)
KW_ONLY = {}
SLOTS = {}
else:
from types import EllipsisType
KW_ONLY = {"kw_only": True}
SLOTS = {"slots": True}
__all__ = (
'BaseMetadata',
'GroupedMetadata',
'Gt',
'Ge',
'Lt',
'Le',
'Interval',
'MultipleOf',
'MinLen',
'MaxLen',
'Len',
'Timezone',
'Predicate',
'LowerCase',
'UpperCase',
'IsDigits',
'IsFinite',
'IsNotFinite',
'IsNan',
'IsNotNan',
'IsInfinite',
'IsNotInfinite',
'doc',
'DocInfo',
'__version__',
)
__version__ = '0.6.0'
T = TypeVar('T')
# arguments that start with __ are considered
# positional only
# see https://peps.python.org/pep-0484/#positional-only-arguments
class SupportsGt(Protocol):
def __gt__(self: T, __other: T) -> bool:
...
class SupportsGe(Protocol):
def __ge__(self: T, __other: T) -> bool:
...
class SupportsLt(Protocol):
def __lt__(self: T, __other: T) -> bool:
...
class SupportsLe(Protocol):
def __le__(self: T, __other: T) -> bool:
...
class SupportsMod(Protocol):
def __mod__(self: T, __other: T) -> T:
...
class SupportsDiv(Protocol):
def __div__(self: T, __other: T) -> T:
...
class BaseMetadata:
"""Base class for all metadata.
This exists mainly so that implementers
can do `isinstance(..., BaseMetadata)` while traversing field annotations.
"""
__slots__ = ()
@dataclass(frozen=True, **SLOTS)
class Gt(BaseMetadata):
"""Gt(gt=x) implies that the value must be greater than x.
It can be used with any type that supports the ``>`` operator,
including numbers, dates and times, strings, sets, and so on.
"""
gt: SupportsGt
@dataclass(frozen=True, **SLOTS)
class Ge(BaseMetadata):
"""Ge(ge=x) implies that the value must be greater than or equal to x.
It can be used with any type that supports the ``>=`` operator,
including numbers, dates and times, strings, sets, and so on.
"""
ge: SupportsGe
@dataclass(frozen=True, **SLOTS)
class Lt(BaseMetadata):
"""Lt(lt=x) implies that the value must be less than x.
It can be used with any type that supports the ``<`` operator,
including numbers, dates and times, strings, sets, and so on.
"""
lt: SupportsLt
@dataclass(frozen=True, **SLOTS)
class Le(BaseMetadata):
"""Le(le=x) implies that the value must be less than or equal to x.
It can be used with any type that supports the ``<=`` operator,
including numbers, dates and times, strings, sets, and so on.
"""
le: SupportsLe
@runtime_checkable
class GroupedMetadata(Protocol):
"""A grouping of multiple BaseMetadata objects.
`GroupedMetadata` on its own is not metadata and has no meaning.
All it the the constraint and metadata should be fully expressable
in terms of the `BaseMetadata`'s returned by `GroupedMetadata.__iter__()`.
Concrete implementations should override `GroupedMetadata.__iter__()`
to add their own metadata.
For example:
>>> @dataclass
>>> class Field(GroupedMetadata):
>>> gt: float | None = None
>>> description: str | None = None
...
>>> def __iter__(self) -> Iterable[BaseMetadata]:
>>> if self.gt is not None:
>>> yield Gt(self.gt)
>>> if self.description is not None:
>>> yield Description(self.gt)
Also see the implementation of `Interval` below for an example.
Parsers should recognize this and unpack it so that it can be used
both with and without unpacking:
- `Annotated[int, Field(...)]` (parser must unpack Field)
- `Annotated[int, *Field(...)]` (PEP-646)
""" # noqa: trailing-whitespace
@property
def __is_annotated_types_grouped_metadata__(self) -> Literal[True]:
return True
def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[BaseMetadata]:
...
if not TYPE_CHECKING:
__slots__ = () # allow subclasses to use slots
def __init_subclass__(cls, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
# Basic ABC like functionality without the complexity of an ABC
super().__init_subclass__(*args, **kwargs)
if cls.__iter__ is GroupedMetadata.__iter__:
raise TypeError("Can't subclass GroupedMetadata without implementing __iter__")
def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[BaseMetadata]: # noqa: F811
raise NotImplementedError # more helpful than "None has no attribute..." type errors
@dataclass(frozen=True, **KW_ONLY, **SLOTS)
class Interval(GroupedMetadata):
"""Interval can express inclusive or exclusive bounds with a single object.
It accepts keyword arguments ``gt``, ``ge``, ``lt``, and/or ``le``, which
are interpreted the same way as the single-bound constraints.
"""
gt: Union[SupportsGt, None] = None
ge: Union[SupportsGe, None] = None
lt: Union[SupportsLt, None] = None
le: Union[SupportsLe, None] = None
def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[BaseMetadata]:
"""Unpack an Interval into zero or more single-bounds."""
if self.gt is not None:
yield Gt(self.gt)
if self.ge is not None:
yield Ge(self.ge)
if self.lt is not None:
yield Lt(self.lt)
if self.le is not None:
yield Le(self.le)
@dataclass(frozen=True, **SLOTS)
class MultipleOf(BaseMetadata):
"""MultipleOf(multiple_of=x) might be interpreted in two ways:
1. Python semantics, implying ``value % multiple_of == 0``, or
2. JSONschema semantics, where ``int(value / multiple_of) == value / multiple_of``
We encourage users to be aware of these two common interpretations,
and libraries to carefully document which they implement.
"""
multiple_of: Union[SupportsDiv, SupportsMod]
@dataclass(frozen=True, **SLOTS)
class MinLen(BaseMetadata):
"""
MinLen() implies minimum inclusive length,
e.g. ``len(value) >= min_length``.
"""
min_length: Annotated[int, Ge(0)]
@dataclass(frozen=True, **SLOTS)
class MaxLen(BaseMetadata):
"""
MaxLen() implies maximum inclusive length,
e.g. ``len(value) <= max_length``.
"""
max_length: Annotated[int, Ge(0)]
@dataclass(frozen=True, **SLOTS)
class Len(GroupedMetadata):
"""
Len() implies that ``min_length <= len(value) <= max_length``.
Upper bound may be omitted or ``None`` to indicate no upper length bound.
"""
min_length: Annotated[int, Ge(0)] = 0
max_length: Optional[Annotated[int, Ge(0)]] = None
def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[BaseMetadata]:
"""Unpack a Len into zone or more single-bounds."""
if self.min_length > 0:
yield MinLen(self.min_length)
if self.max_length is not None:
yield MaxLen(self.max_length)
@dataclass(frozen=True, **SLOTS)
class Timezone(BaseMetadata):
"""Timezone(tz=...) requires a datetime to be aware (or ``tz=None``, naive).
``Annotated[datetime, Timezone(None)]`` must be a naive datetime.
``Timezone[...]`` (the ellipsis literal) expresses that the datetime must be
tz-aware but any timezone is allowed.
You may also pass a specific timezone string or timezone object such as
``Timezone(timezone.utc)`` or ``Timezone("Africa/Abidjan")`` to express that
you only allow a specific timezone, though we note that this is often
a symptom of poor design.
"""
tz: Union[str, timezone, EllipsisType, None]
@dataclass(frozen=True, **SLOTS)
class Predicate(BaseMetadata):
"""``Predicate(func: Callable)`` implies `func(value)` is truthy for valid values.
Users should prefer statically inspectable metadata, but if you need the full
power and flexibility of arbitrary runtime predicates... here it is.
We provide a few predefined predicates for common string constraints:
``IsLower = Predicate(str.islower)``, ``IsUpper = Predicate(str.isupper)``, and
``IsDigit = Predicate(str.isdigit)``. Users are encouraged to use methods which
can be given special handling, and avoid indirection like ``lambda s: s.lower()``.
Some libraries might have special logic to handle certain predicates, e.g. by
checking for `str.isdigit` and using its presence to both call custom logic to
enforce digit-only strings, and customise some generated external schema.
We do not specify what behaviour should be expected for predicates that raise
an exception. For example `Annotated[int, Predicate(str.isdigit)]` might silently
skip invalid constraints, or statically raise an error; or it might try calling it
and then propogate or discard the resulting exception.
"""
func: Callable[[Any], bool]
@dataclass
class Not:
func: Callable[[Any], bool]
def __call__(self, __v: Any) -> bool:
return not self.func(__v)
_StrType = TypeVar("_StrType", bound=str)
LowerCase = Annotated[_StrType, Predicate(str.islower)]
"""
Return True if the string is a lowercase string, False otherwise.
A string is lowercase if all cased characters in the string are lowercase and there is at least one cased character in the string.
""" # noqa: E501
UpperCase = Annotated[_StrType, Predicate(str.isupper)]
"""
Return True if the string is an uppercase string, False otherwise.
A string is uppercase if all cased characters in the string are uppercase and there is at least one cased character in the string.
""" # noqa: E501
IsDigits = Annotated[_StrType, Predicate(str.isdigit)]
"""
Return True if the string is a digit string, False otherwise.
A string is a digit string if all characters in the string are digits and there is at least one character in the string.
""" # noqa: E501
IsAscii = Annotated[_StrType, Predicate(str.isascii)]
"""
Return True if all characters in the string are ASCII, False otherwise.
ASCII characters have code points in the range U+0000-U+007F. Empty string is ASCII too.
"""
_NumericType = TypeVar('_NumericType', bound=Union[SupportsFloat, SupportsIndex])
IsFinite = Annotated[_NumericType, Predicate(math.isfinite)]
"""Return True if x is neither an infinity nor a NaN, and False otherwise."""
IsNotFinite = Annotated[_NumericType, Predicate(Not(math.isfinite))]
"""Return True if x is one of infinity or NaN, and False otherwise"""
IsNan = Annotated[_NumericType, Predicate(math.isnan)]
"""Return True if x is a NaN (not a number), and False otherwise."""
IsNotNan = Annotated[_NumericType, Predicate(Not(math.isnan))]
"""Return True if x is anything but NaN (not a number), and False otherwise."""
IsInfinite = Annotated[_NumericType, Predicate(math.isinf)]
"""Return True if x is a positive or negative infinity, and False otherwise."""
IsNotInfinite = Annotated[_NumericType, Predicate(Not(math.isinf))]
"""Return True if x is neither a positive or negative infinity, and False otherwise."""
try:
from typing_extensions import DocInfo, doc # type: ignore [attr-defined]
except ImportError:
@dataclass(frozen=True, **SLOTS)
class DocInfo: # type: ignore [no-redef]
""" "
The return value of doc(), mainly to be used by tools that want to extract the
Annotated documentation at runtime.
"""
documentation: str
"""The documentation string passed to doc()."""
def doc(
documentation: str,
) -> DocInfo:
"""
Add documentation to a type annotation inside of Annotated.
For example:
>>> def hi(name: Annotated[int, doc("The name of the user")]) -> None: ...
"""
return DocInfo(documentation)

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import math
import sys
from datetime import date, datetime, timedelta, timezone
from decimal import Decimal
from typing import Any, Dict, Iterable, Iterator, List, NamedTuple, Set, Tuple
if sys.version_info < (3, 9):
from typing_extensions import Annotated
else:
from typing import Annotated
import annotated_types as at
class Case(NamedTuple):
"""
A test case for `annotated_types`.
"""
annotation: Any
valid_cases: Iterable[Any]
invalid_cases: Iterable[Any]
def cases() -> Iterable[Case]:
# Gt, Ge, Lt, Le
yield Case(Annotated[int, at.Gt(4)], (5, 6, 1000), (4, 0, -1))
yield Case(Annotated[float, at.Gt(0.5)], (0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9), (0.5, 0.0, -0.1))
yield Case(
Annotated[datetime, at.Gt(datetime(2000, 1, 1))],
[datetime(2000, 1, 2), datetime(2000, 1, 3)],
[datetime(2000, 1, 1), datetime(1999, 12, 31)],
)
yield Case(
Annotated[datetime, at.Gt(date(2000, 1, 1))],
[date(2000, 1, 2), date(2000, 1, 3)],
[date(2000, 1, 1), date(1999, 12, 31)],
)
yield Case(
Annotated[datetime, at.Gt(Decimal('1.123'))],
[Decimal('1.1231'), Decimal('123')],
[Decimal('1.123'), Decimal('0')],
)
yield Case(Annotated[int, at.Ge(4)], (4, 5, 6, 1000, 4), (0, -1))
yield Case(Annotated[float, at.Ge(0.5)], (0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9), (0.4, 0.0, -0.1))
yield Case(
Annotated[datetime, at.Ge(datetime(2000, 1, 1))],
[datetime(2000, 1, 2), datetime(2000, 1, 3)],
[datetime(1998, 1, 1), datetime(1999, 12, 31)],
)
yield Case(Annotated[int, at.Lt(4)], (0, -1), (4, 5, 6, 1000, 4))
yield Case(Annotated[float, at.Lt(0.5)], (0.4, 0.0, -0.1), (0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9))
yield Case(
Annotated[datetime, at.Lt(datetime(2000, 1, 1))],
[datetime(1999, 12, 31), datetime(1999, 12, 31)],
[datetime(2000, 1, 2), datetime(2000, 1, 3)],
)
yield Case(Annotated[int, at.Le(4)], (4, 0, -1), (5, 6, 1000))
yield Case(Annotated[float, at.Le(0.5)], (0.5, 0.0, -0.1), (0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9))
yield Case(
Annotated[datetime, at.Le(datetime(2000, 1, 1))],
[datetime(2000, 1, 1), datetime(1999, 12, 31)],
[datetime(2000, 1, 2), datetime(2000, 1, 3)],
)
# Interval
yield Case(Annotated[int, at.Interval(gt=4)], (5, 6, 1000), (4, 0, -1))
yield Case(Annotated[int, at.Interval(gt=4, lt=10)], (5, 6), (4, 10, 1000, 0, -1))
yield Case(Annotated[float, at.Interval(ge=0.5, le=1)], (0.5, 0.9, 1), (0.49, 1.1))
yield Case(
Annotated[datetime, at.Interval(gt=datetime(2000, 1, 1), le=datetime(2000, 1, 3))],
[datetime(2000, 1, 2), datetime(2000, 1, 3)],
[datetime(2000, 1, 1), datetime(2000, 1, 4)],
)
yield Case(Annotated[int, at.MultipleOf(multiple_of=3)], (0, 3, 9), (1, 2, 4))
yield Case(Annotated[float, at.MultipleOf(multiple_of=0.5)], (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5), (0.4, 1.1))
# lengths
yield Case(Annotated[str, at.MinLen(3)], ('123', '1234', 'x' * 10), ('', '1', '12'))
yield Case(Annotated[str, at.Len(3)], ('123', '1234', 'x' * 10), ('', '1', '12'))
yield Case(Annotated[List[int], at.MinLen(3)], ([1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3, 4], [1] * 10), ([], [1], [1, 2]))
yield Case(Annotated[List[int], at.Len(3)], ([1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3, 4], [1] * 10), ([], [1], [1, 2]))
yield Case(Annotated[str, at.MaxLen(4)], ('', '1234'), ('12345', 'x' * 10))
yield Case(Annotated[str, at.Len(0, 4)], ('', '1234'), ('12345', 'x' * 10))
yield Case(Annotated[List[str], at.MaxLen(4)], ([], ['a', 'bcdef'], ['a', 'b', 'c']), (['a'] * 5, ['b'] * 10))
yield Case(Annotated[List[str], at.Len(0, 4)], ([], ['a', 'bcdef'], ['a', 'b', 'c']), (['a'] * 5, ['b'] * 10))
yield Case(Annotated[str, at.Len(3, 5)], ('123', '12345'), ('', '1', '12', '123456', 'x' * 10))
yield Case(Annotated[str, at.Len(3, 3)], ('123',), ('12', '1234'))
yield Case(Annotated[Dict[int, int], at.Len(2, 3)], [{1: 1, 2: 2}], [{}, {1: 1}, {1: 1, 2: 2, 3: 3, 4: 4}])
yield Case(Annotated[Set[int], at.Len(2, 3)], ({1, 2}, {1, 2, 3}), (set(), {1}, {1, 2, 3, 4}))
yield Case(Annotated[Tuple[int, ...], at.Len(2, 3)], ((1, 2), (1, 2, 3)), ((), (1,), (1, 2, 3, 4)))
# Timezone
yield Case(
Annotated[datetime, at.Timezone(None)], [datetime(2000, 1, 1)], [datetime(2000, 1, 1, tzinfo=timezone.utc)]
)
yield Case(
Annotated[datetime, at.Timezone(...)], [datetime(2000, 1, 1, tzinfo=timezone.utc)], [datetime(2000, 1, 1)]
)
yield Case(
Annotated[datetime, at.Timezone(timezone.utc)],
[datetime(2000, 1, 1, tzinfo=timezone.utc)],
[datetime(2000, 1, 1), datetime(2000, 1, 1, tzinfo=timezone(timedelta(hours=6)))],
)
yield Case(
Annotated[datetime, at.Timezone('Europe/London')],
[datetime(2000, 1, 1, tzinfo=timezone(timedelta(0), name='Europe/London'))],
[datetime(2000, 1, 1), datetime(2000, 1, 1, tzinfo=timezone(timedelta(hours=6)))],
)
# predicate types
yield Case(at.LowerCase[str], ['abc', 'foobar'], ['', 'A', 'Boom'])
yield Case(at.UpperCase[str], ['ABC', 'DEFO'], ['', 'a', 'abc', 'AbC'])
yield Case(at.IsDigits[str], ['123'], ['', 'ab', 'a1b2'])
yield Case(at.IsAscii[str], ['123', 'foo bar'], ['£100', '😊', 'whatever 👀'])
yield Case(Annotated[int, at.Predicate(lambda x: x % 2 == 0)], [0, 2, 4], [1, 3, 5])
yield Case(at.IsFinite[float], [1.23], [math.nan, math.inf, -math.inf])
yield Case(at.IsNotFinite[float], [math.nan, math.inf], [1.23])
yield Case(at.IsNan[float], [math.nan], [1.23, math.inf])
yield Case(at.IsNotNan[float], [1.23, math.inf], [math.nan])
yield Case(at.IsInfinite[float], [math.inf], [math.nan, 1.23])
yield Case(at.IsNotInfinite[float], [math.nan, 1.23], [math.inf])
# check stacked predicates
yield Case(at.IsInfinite[Annotated[float, at.Predicate(lambda x: x > 0)]], [math.inf], [-math.inf, 1.23, math.nan])
# doc
yield Case(Annotated[int, at.doc("A number")], [1, 2], [])
# custom GroupedMetadata
class MyCustomGroupedMetadata(at.GroupedMetadata):
def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[at.Predicate]:
yield at.Predicate(lambda x: float(x).is_integer())
yield Case(Annotated[float, MyCustomGroupedMetadata()], [0, 2.0], [0.01, 1.5])

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pip

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The MIT License (MIT)
Copyright (c) 2018 Alex Grönholm
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

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Metadata-Version: 2.1
Name: anyio
Version: 3.7.1
Summary: High level compatibility layer for multiple asynchronous event loop implementations
Author-email: Alex Grönholm <alex.gronholm@nextday.fi>
License: MIT
Project-URL: Documentation, https://anyio.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
Project-URL: Changelog, https://anyio.readthedocs.io/en/stable/versionhistory.html
Project-URL: Source code, https://github.com/agronholm/anyio
Project-URL: Issue tracker, https://github.com/agronholm/anyio/issues
Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
Classifier: Framework :: AnyIO
Classifier: Typing :: Typed
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
Requires-Python: >=3.7
Description-Content-Type: text/x-rst
License-File: LICENSE
Requires-Dist: idna (>=2.8)
Requires-Dist: sniffio (>=1.1)
Requires-Dist: exceptiongroup ; python_version < "3.11"
Requires-Dist: typing-extensions ; python_version < "3.8"
Provides-Extra: doc
Requires-Dist: packaging ; extra == 'doc'
Requires-Dist: Sphinx ; extra == 'doc'
Requires-Dist: sphinx-rtd-theme (>=1.2.2) ; extra == 'doc'
Requires-Dist: sphinxcontrib-jquery ; extra == 'doc'
Requires-Dist: sphinx-autodoc-typehints (>=1.2.0) ; extra == 'doc'
Provides-Extra: test
Requires-Dist: anyio[trio] ; extra == 'test'
Requires-Dist: coverage[toml] (>=4.5) ; extra == 'test'
Requires-Dist: hypothesis (>=4.0) ; extra == 'test'
Requires-Dist: psutil (>=5.9) ; extra == 'test'
Requires-Dist: pytest (>=7.0) ; extra == 'test'
Requires-Dist: pytest-mock (>=3.6.1) ; extra == 'test'
Requires-Dist: trustme ; extra == 'test'
Requires-Dist: uvloop (>=0.17) ; (python_version < "3.12" and platform_python_implementation == "CPython" and platform_system != "Windows") and extra == 'test'
Requires-Dist: mock (>=4) ; (python_version < "3.8") and extra == 'test'
Provides-Extra: trio
Requires-Dist: trio (<0.22) ; extra == 'trio'
.. image:: https://github.com/agronholm/anyio/actions/workflows/test.yml/badge.svg
:target: https://github.com/agronholm/anyio/actions/workflows/test.yml
:alt: Build Status
.. image:: https://coveralls.io/repos/github/agronholm/anyio/badge.svg?branch=master
:target: https://coveralls.io/github/agronholm/anyio?branch=master
:alt: Code Coverage
.. image:: https://readthedocs.org/projects/anyio/badge/?version=latest
:target: https://anyio.readthedocs.io/en/latest/?badge=latest
:alt: Documentation
.. image:: https://badges.gitter.im/gitterHQ/gitter.svg
:target: https://gitter.im/python-trio/AnyIO
:alt: Gitter chat
AnyIO is an asynchronous networking and concurrency library that works on top of either asyncio_ or
trio_. It implements trio-like `structured concurrency`_ (SC) on top of asyncio and works in harmony
with the native SC of trio itself.
Applications and libraries written against AnyIO's API will run unmodified on either asyncio_ or
trio_. AnyIO can also be adopted into a library or application incrementally bit by bit, no full
refactoring necessary. It will blend in with the native libraries of your chosen backend.
Documentation
-------------
View full documentation at: https://anyio.readthedocs.io/
Features
--------
AnyIO offers the following functionality:
* Task groups (nurseries_ in trio terminology)
* High-level networking (TCP, UDP and UNIX sockets)
* `Happy eyeballs`_ algorithm for TCP connections (more robust than that of asyncio on Python
3.8)
* async/await style UDP sockets (unlike asyncio where you still have to use Transports and
Protocols)
* A versatile API for byte streams and object streams
* Inter-task synchronization and communication (locks, conditions, events, semaphores, object
streams)
* Worker threads
* Subprocesses
* Asynchronous file I/O (using worker threads)
* Signal handling
AnyIO also comes with its own pytest_ plugin which also supports asynchronous fixtures.
It even works with the popular Hypothesis_ library.
.. _asyncio: https://docs.python.org/3/library/asyncio.html
.. _trio: https://github.com/python-trio/trio
.. _structured concurrency: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structured_concurrency
.. _nurseries: https://trio.readthedocs.io/en/stable/reference-core.html#nurseries-and-spawning
.. _Happy eyeballs: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Happy_Eyeballs
.. _pytest: https://docs.pytest.org/en/latest/
.. _Hypothesis: https://hypothesis.works/

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anyio/to_thread.py,sha256=HVpTvBei2sSXgJJeNKdwhJwQaW76LDbb1htQ-Mc6zDs,2146

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Wheel-Version: 1.0
Generator: bdist_wheel (0.40.0)
Root-Is-Purelib: true
Tag: py3-none-any

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[pytest11]
anyio = anyio.pytest_plugin

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anyio

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from __future__ import annotations
__all__ = (
"maybe_async",
"maybe_async_cm",
"run",
"sleep",
"sleep_forever",
"sleep_until",
"current_time",
"get_all_backends",
"get_cancelled_exc_class",
"BrokenResourceError",
"BrokenWorkerProcess",
"BusyResourceError",
"ClosedResourceError",
"DelimiterNotFound",
"EndOfStream",
"ExceptionGroup",
"IncompleteRead",
"TypedAttributeLookupError",
"WouldBlock",
"AsyncFile",
"Path",
"open_file",
"wrap_file",
"aclose_forcefully",
"open_signal_receiver",
"connect_tcp",
"connect_unix",
"create_tcp_listener",
"create_unix_listener",
"create_udp_socket",
"create_connected_udp_socket",
"getaddrinfo",
"getnameinfo",
"wait_socket_readable",
"wait_socket_writable",
"create_memory_object_stream",
"run_process",
"open_process",
"create_lock",
"CapacityLimiter",
"CapacityLimiterStatistics",
"Condition",
"ConditionStatistics",
"Event",
"EventStatistics",
"Lock",
"LockStatistics",
"Semaphore",
"SemaphoreStatistics",
"create_condition",
"create_event",
"create_semaphore",
"create_capacity_limiter",
"open_cancel_scope",
"fail_after",
"move_on_after",
"current_effective_deadline",
"TASK_STATUS_IGNORED",
"CancelScope",
"create_task_group",
"TaskInfo",
"get_current_task",
"get_running_tasks",
"wait_all_tasks_blocked",
"run_sync_in_worker_thread",
"run_async_from_thread",
"run_sync_from_thread",
"current_default_worker_thread_limiter",
"create_blocking_portal",
"start_blocking_portal",
"typed_attribute",
"TypedAttributeSet",
"TypedAttributeProvider",
)
from typing import Any
from ._core._compat import maybe_async, maybe_async_cm
from ._core._eventloop import (
current_time,
get_all_backends,
get_cancelled_exc_class,
run,
sleep,
sleep_forever,
sleep_until,
)
from ._core._exceptions import (
BrokenResourceError,
BrokenWorkerProcess,
BusyResourceError,
ClosedResourceError,
DelimiterNotFound,
EndOfStream,
ExceptionGroup,
IncompleteRead,
TypedAttributeLookupError,
WouldBlock,
)
from ._core._fileio import AsyncFile, Path, open_file, wrap_file
from ._core._resources import aclose_forcefully
from ._core._signals import open_signal_receiver
from ._core._sockets import (
connect_tcp,
connect_unix,
create_connected_udp_socket,
create_tcp_listener,
create_udp_socket,
create_unix_listener,
getaddrinfo,
getnameinfo,
wait_socket_readable,
wait_socket_writable,
)
from ._core._streams import create_memory_object_stream
from ._core._subprocesses import open_process, run_process
from ._core._synchronization import (
CapacityLimiter,
CapacityLimiterStatistics,
Condition,
ConditionStatistics,
Event,
EventStatistics,
Lock,
LockStatistics,
Semaphore,
SemaphoreStatistics,
create_capacity_limiter,
create_condition,
create_event,
create_lock,
create_semaphore,
)
from ._core._tasks import (
TASK_STATUS_IGNORED,
CancelScope,
create_task_group,
current_effective_deadline,
fail_after,
move_on_after,
open_cancel_scope,
)
from ._core._testing import (
TaskInfo,
get_current_task,
get_running_tasks,
wait_all_tasks_blocked,
)
from ._core._typedattr import TypedAttributeProvider, TypedAttributeSet, typed_attribute
# Re-exported here, for backwards compatibility
# isort: off
from .to_thread import current_default_worker_thread_limiter, run_sync_in_worker_thread
from .from_thread import (
create_blocking_portal,
run_async_from_thread,
run_sync_from_thread,
start_blocking_portal,
)
# Re-export imports so they look like they live directly in this package
key: str
value: Any
for key, value in list(locals().items()):
if getattr(value, "__module__", "").startswith("anyio."):
value.__module__ = __name__

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from __future__ import annotations
import array
import math
import socket
from concurrent.futures import Future
from contextvars import copy_context
from dataclasses import dataclass
from functools import partial
from io import IOBase
from os import PathLike
from signal import Signals
from types import TracebackType
from typing import (
IO,
TYPE_CHECKING,
Any,
AsyncGenerator,
AsyncIterator,
Awaitable,
Callable,
Collection,
Coroutine,
Generic,
Iterable,
Mapping,
NoReturn,
Sequence,
TypeVar,
cast,
)
import sniffio
import trio.from_thread
from outcome import Error, Outcome, Value
from trio.socket import SocketType as TrioSocketType
from trio.to_thread import run_sync
from .. import CapacityLimiterStatistics, EventStatistics, TaskInfo, abc
from .._core._compat import DeprecatedAsyncContextManager, DeprecatedAwaitable
from .._core._eventloop import claim_worker_thread
from .._core._exceptions import (
BrokenResourceError,
BusyResourceError,
ClosedResourceError,
EndOfStream,
)
from .._core._exceptions import ExceptionGroup as BaseExceptionGroup
from .._core._sockets import convert_ipv6_sockaddr
from .._core._synchronization import CapacityLimiter as BaseCapacityLimiter
from .._core._synchronization import Event as BaseEvent
from .._core._synchronization import ResourceGuard
from .._core._tasks import CancelScope as BaseCancelScope
from ..abc import IPSockAddrType, UDPPacketType
if TYPE_CHECKING:
from trio_typing import TaskStatus
try:
from trio import lowlevel as trio_lowlevel
except ImportError:
from trio import hazmat as trio_lowlevel # type: ignore[no-redef]
from trio.hazmat import wait_readable, wait_writable
else:
from trio.lowlevel import wait_readable, wait_writable
try:
trio_open_process = trio_lowlevel.open_process
except AttributeError:
# isort: off
from trio import ( # type: ignore[attr-defined, no-redef]
open_process as trio_open_process,
)
T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval")
T_SockAddr = TypeVar("T_SockAddr", str, IPSockAddrType)
#
# Event loop
#
run = trio.run
current_token = trio.lowlevel.current_trio_token
RunVar = trio.lowlevel.RunVar
#
# Miscellaneous
#
sleep = trio.sleep
#
# Timeouts and cancellation
#
class CancelScope(BaseCancelScope):
def __new__(
cls, original: trio.CancelScope | None = None, **kwargs: object
) -> CancelScope:
return object.__new__(cls)
def __init__(self, original: trio.CancelScope | None = None, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
self.__original = original or trio.CancelScope(**kwargs)
def __enter__(self) -> CancelScope:
self.__original.__enter__()
return self
def __exit__(
self,
exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
exc_val: BaseException | None,
exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
) -> bool | None:
# https://github.com/python-trio/trio-typing/pull/79
return self.__original.__exit__( # type: ignore[func-returns-value]
exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb
)
def cancel(self) -> DeprecatedAwaitable:
self.__original.cancel()
return DeprecatedAwaitable(self.cancel)
@property
def deadline(self) -> float:
return self.__original.deadline
@deadline.setter
def deadline(self, value: float) -> None:
self.__original.deadline = value
@property
def cancel_called(self) -> bool:
return self.__original.cancel_called
@property
def shield(self) -> bool:
return self.__original.shield
@shield.setter
def shield(self, value: bool) -> None:
self.__original.shield = value
CancelledError = trio.Cancelled
checkpoint = trio.lowlevel.checkpoint
checkpoint_if_cancelled = trio.lowlevel.checkpoint_if_cancelled
cancel_shielded_checkpoint = trio.lowlevel.cancel_shielded_checkpoint
current_effective_deadline = trio.current_effective_deadline
current_time = trio.current_time
#
# Task groups
#
class ExceptionGroup(BaseExceptionGroup, trio.MultiError):
pass
class TaskGroup(abc.TaskGroup):
def __init__(self) -> None:
self._active = False
self._nursery_manager = trio.open_nursery()
self.cancel_scope = None # type: ignore[assignment]
async def __aenter__(self) -> TaskGroup:
self._active = True
self._nursery = await self._nursery_manager.__aenter__()
self.cancel_scope = CancelScope(self._nursery.cancel_scope)
return self
async def __aexit__(
self,
exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
exc_val: BaseException | None,
exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
) -> bool | None:
try:
return await self._nursery_manager.__aexit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb)
except trio.MultiError as exc:
raise ExceptionGroup(exc.exceptions) from None
finally:
self._active = False
def start_soon(
self, func: Callable[..., Awaitable[Any]], *args: object, name: object = None
) -> None:
if not self._active:
raise RuntimeError(
"This task group is not active; no new tasks can be started."
)
self._nursery.start_soon(func, *args, name=name)
async def start(
self, func: Callable[..., Awaitable[Any]], *args: object, name: object = None
) -> object:
if not self._active:
raise RuntimeError(
"This task group is not active; no new tasks can be started."
)
return await self._nursery.start(func, *args, name=name)
#
# Threads
#
async def run_sync_in_worker_thread(
func: Callable[..., T_Retval],
*args: object,
cancellable: bool = False,
limiter: trio.CapacityLimiter | None = None,
) -> T_Retval:
def wrapper() -> T_Retval:
with claim_worker_thread("trio"):
return func(*args)
# TODO: remove explicit context copying when trio 0.20 is the minimum requirement
context = copy_context()
context.run(sniffio.current_async_library_cvar.set, None)
return await run_sync(
context.run, wrapper, cancellable=cancellable, limiter=limiter
)
# TODO: remove this workaround when trio 0.20 is the minimum requirement
def run_async_from_thread(
fn: Callable[..., Awaitable[T_Retval]], *args: Any
) -> T_Retval:
async def wrapper() -> T_Retval:
retval: T_Retval
async def inner() -> None:
nonlocal retval
__tracebackhide__ = True
retval = await fn(*args)
async with trio.open_nursery() as n:
context.run(n.start_soon, inner)
__tracebackhide__ = True
return retval # noqa: F821
context = copy_context()
context.run(sniffio.current_async_library_cvar.set, "trio")
return trio.from_thread.run(wrapper)
def run_sync_from_thread(fn: Callable[..., T_Retval], *args: Any) -> T_Retval:
# TODO: remove explicit context copying when trio 0.20 is the minimum requirement
retval = trio.from_thread.run_sync(copy_context().run, fn, *args)
return cast(T_Retval, retval)
class BlockingPortal(abc.BlockingPortal):
def __new__(cls) -> BlockingPortal:
return object.__new__(cls)
def __init__(self) -> None:
super().__init__()
self._token = trio.lowlevel.current_trio_token()
def _spawn_task_from_thread(
self,
func: Callable,
args: tuple,
kwargs: dict[str, Any],
name: object,
future: Future,
) -> None:
context = copy_context()
context.run(sniffio.current_async_library_cvar.set, "trio")
trio.from_thread.run_sync(
context.run,
partial(self._task_group.start_soon, name=name),
self._call_func,
func,
args,
kwargs,
future,
trio_token=self._token,
)
#
# Subprocesses
#
@dataclass(eq=False)
class ReceiveStreamWrapper(abc.ByteReceiveStream):
_stream: trio.abc.ReceiveStream
async def receive(self, max_bytes: int | None = None) -> bytes:
try:
data = await self._stream.receive_some(max_bytes)
except trio.ClosedResourceError as exc:
raise ClosedResourceError from exc.__cause__
except trio.BrokenResourceError as exc:
raise BrokenResourceError from exc.__cause__
if data:
return data
else:
raise EndOfStream
async def aclose(self) -> None:
await self._stream.aclose()
@dataclass(eq=False)
class SendStreamWrapper(abc.ByteSendStream):
_stream: trio.abc.SendStream
async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
try:
await self._stream.send_all(item)
except trio.ClosedResourceError as exc:
raise ClosedResourceError from exc.__cause__
except trio.BrokenResourceError as exc:
raise BrokenResourceError from exc.__cause__
async def aclose(self) -> None:
await self._stream.aclose()
@dataclass(eq=False)
class Process(abc.Process):
_process: trio.Process
_stdin: abc.ByteSendStream | None
_stdout: abc.ByteReceiveStream | None
_stderr: abc.ByteReceiveStream | None
async def aclose(self) -> None:
if self._stdin:
await self._stdin.aclose()
if self._stdout:
await self._stdout.aclose()
if self._stderr:
await self._stderr.aclose()
await self.wait()
async def wait(self) -> int:
return await self._process.wait()
def terminate(self) -> None:
self._process.terminate()
def kill(self) -> None:
self._process.kill()
def send_signal(self, signal: Signals) -> None:
self._process.send_signal(signal)
@property
def pid(self) -> int:
return self._process.pid
@property
def returncode(self) -> int | None:
return self._process.returncode
@property
def stdin(self) -> abc.ByteSendStream | None:
return self._stdin
@property
def stdout(self) -> abc.ByteReceiveStream | None:
return self._stdout
@property
def stderr(self) -> abc.ByteReceiveStream | None:
return self._stderr
async def open_process(
command: str | bytes | Sequence[str | bytes],
*,
shell: bool,
stdin: int | IO[Any] | None,
stdout: int | IO[Any] | None,
stderr: int | IO[Any] | None,
cwd: str | bytes | PathLike | None = None,
env: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
start_new_session: bool = False,
) -> Process:
process = await trio_open_process( # type: ignore[misc]
command, # type: ignore[arg-type]
stdin=stdin,
stdout=stdout,
stderr=stderr,
shell=shell,
cwd=cwd,
env=env,
start_new_session=start_new_session,
)
stdin_stream = SendStreamWrapper(process.stdin) if process.stdin else None
stdout_stream = ReceiveStreamWrapper(process.stdout) if process.stdout else None
stderr_stream = ReceiveStreamWrapper(process.stderr) if process.stderr else None
return Process(process, stdin_stream, stdout_stream, stderr_stream)
class _ProcessPoolShutdownInstrument(trio.abc.Instrument):
def after_run(self) -> None:
super().after_run()
current_default_worker_process_limiter: RunVar = RunVar(
"current_default_worker_process_limiter"
)
async def _shutdown_process_pool(workers: set[Process]) -> None:
process: Process
try:
await sleep(math.inf)
except trio.Cancelled:
for process in workers:
if process.returncode is None:
process.kill()
with CancelScope(shield=True):
for process in workers:
await process.aclose()
def setup_process_pool_exit_at_shutdown(workers: set[Process]) -> None:
trio.lowlevel.spawn_system_task(_shutdown_process_pool, workers)
#
# Sockets and networking
#
class _TrioSocketMixin(Generic[T_SockAddr]):
def __init__(self, trio_socket: TrioSocketType) -> None:
self._trio_socket = trio_socket
self._closed = False
def _check_closed(self) -> None:
if self._closed:
raise ClosedResourceError
if self._trio_socket.fileno() < 0:
raise BrokenResourceError
@property
def _raw_socket(self) -> socket.socket:
return self._trio_socket._sock # type: ignore[attr-defined]
async def aclose(self) -> None:
if self._trio_socket.fileno() >= 0:
self._closed = True
self._trio_socket.close()
def _convert_socket_error(self, exc: BaseException) -> NoReturn:
if isinstance(exc, trio.ClosedResourceError):
raise ClosedResourceError from exc
elif self._trio_socket.fileno() < 0 and self._closed:
raise ClosedResourceError from None
elif isinstance(exc, OSError):
raise BrokenResourceError from exc
else:
raise exc
class SocketStream(_TrioSocketMixin, abc.SocketStream):
def __init__(self, trio_socket: TrioSocketType) -> None:
super().__init__(trio_socket)
self._receive_guard = ResourceGuard("reading from")
self._send_guard = ResourceGuard("writing to")
async def receive(self, max_bytes: int = 65536) -> bytes:
with self._receive_guard:
try:
data = await self._trio_socket.recv(max_bytes)
except BaseException as exc:
self._convert_socket_error(exc)
if data:
return data
else:
raise EndOfStream
async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
with self._send_guard:
view = memoryview(item)
while view:
try:
bytes_sent = await self._trio_socket.send(view)
except BaseException as exc:
self._convert_socket_error(exc)
view = view[bytes_sent:]
async def send_eof(self) -> None:
self._trio_socket.shutdown(socket.SHUT_WR)
class UNIXSocketStream(SocketStream, abc.UNIXSocketStream):
async def receive_fds(self, msglen: int, maxfds: int) -> tuple[bytes, list[int]]:
if not isinstance(msglen, int) or msglen < 0:
raise ValueError("msglen must be a non-negative integer")
if not isinstance(maxfds, int) or maxfds < 1:
raise ValueError("maxfds must be a positive integer")
fds = array.array("i")
await checkpoint()
with self._receive_guard:
while True:
try:
message, ancdata, flags, addr = await self._trio_socket.recvmsg(
msglen, socket.CMSG_LEN(maxfds * fds.itemsize)
)
except BaseException as exc:
self._convert_socket_error(exc)
else:
if not message and not ancdata:
raise EndOfStream
break
for cmsg_level, cmsg_type, cmsg_data in ancdata:
if cmsg_level != socket.SOL_SOCKET or cmsg_type != socket.SCM_RIGHTS:
raise RuntimeError(
f"Received unexpected ancillary data; message = {message!r}, "
f"cmsg_level = {cmsg_level}, cmsg_type = {cmsg_type}"
)
fds.frombytes(cmsg_data[: len(cmsg_data) - (len(cmsg_data) % fds.itemsize)])
return message, list(fds)
async def send_fds(self, message: bytes, fds: Collection[int | IOBase]) -> None:
if not message:
raise ValueError("message must not be empty")
if not fds:
raise ValueError("fds must not be empty")
filenos: list[int] = []
for fd in fds:
if isinstance(fd, int):
filenos.append(fd)
elif isinstance(fd, IOBase):
filenos.append(fd.fileno())
fdarray = array.array("i", filenos)
await checkpoint()
with self._send_guard:
while True:
try:
await self._trio_socket.sendmsg(
[message],
[
(
socket.SOL_SOCKET,
socket.SCM_RIGHTS, # type: ignore[list-item]
fdarray,
)
],
)
break
except BaseException as exc:
self._convert_socket_error(exc)
class TCPSocketListener(_TrioSocketMixin, abc.SocketListener):
def __init__(self, raw_socket: socket.socket):
super().__init__(trio.socket.from_stdlib_socket(raw_socket))
self._accept_guard = ResourceGuard("accepting connections from")
async def accept(self) -> SocketStream:
with self._accept_guard:
try:
trio_socket, _addr = await self._trio_socket.accept()
except BaseException as exc:
self._convert_socket_error(exc)
trio_socket.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)
return SocketStream(trio_socket)
class UNIXSocketListener(_TrioSocketMixin, abc.SocketListener):
def __init__(self, raw_socket: socket.socket):
super().__init__(trio.socket.from_stdlib_socket(raw_socket))
self._accept_guard = ResourceGuard("accepting connections from")
async def accept(self) -> UNIXSocketStream:
with self._accept_guard:
try:
trio_socket, _addr = await self._trio_socket.accept()
except BaseException as exc:
self._convert_socket_error(exc)
return UNIXSocketStream(trio_socket)
class UDPSocket(_TrioSocketMixin[IPSockAddrType], abc.UDPSocket):
def __init__(self, trio_socket: TrioSocketType) -> None:
super().__init__(trio_socket)
self._receive_guard = ResourceGuard("reading from")
self._send_guard = ResourceGuard("writing to")
async def receive(self) -> tuple[bytes, IPSockAddrType]:
with self._receive_guard:
try:
data, addr = await self._trio_socket.recvfrom(65536)
return data, convert_ipv6_sockaddr(addr)
except BaseException as exc:
self._convert_socket_error(exc)
async def send(self, item: UDPPacketType) -> None:
with self._send_guard:
try:
await self._trio_socket.sendto(*item)
except BaseException as exc:
self._convert_socket_error(exc)
class ConnectedUDPSocket(_TrioSocketMixin[IPSockAddrType], abc.ConnectedUDPSocket):
def __init__(self, trio_socket: TrioSocketType) -> None:
super().__init__(trio_socket)
self._receive_guard = ResourceGuard("reading from")
self._send_guard = ResourceGuard("writing to")
async def receive(self) -> bytes:
with self._receive_guard:
try:
return await self._trio_socket.recv(65536)
except BaseException as exc:
self._convert_socket_error(exc)
async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
with self._send_guard:
try:
await self._trio_socket.send(item)
except BaseException as exc:
self._convert_socket_error(exc)
async def connect_tcp(
host: str, port: int, local_address: IPSockAddrType | None = None
) -> SocketStream:
family = socket.AF_INET6 if ":" in host else socket.AF_INET
trio_socket = trio.socket.socket(family)
trio_socket.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)
if local_address:
await trio_socket.bind(local_address)
try:
await trio_socket.connect((host, port))
except BaseException:
trio_socket.close()
raise
return SocketStream(trio_socket)
async def connect_unix(path: str) -> UNIXSocketStream:
trio_socket = trio.socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX)
try:
await trio_socket.connect(path)
except BaseException:
trio_socket.close()
raise
return UNIXSocketStream(trio_socket)
async def create_udp_socket(
family: socket.AddressFamily,
local_address: IPSockAddrType | None,
remote_address: IPSockAddrType | None,
reuse_port: bool,
) -> UDPSocket | ConnectedUDPSocket:
trio_socket = trio.socket.socket(family=family, type=socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
if reuse_port:
trio_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEPORT, 1)
if local_address:
await trio_socket.bind(local_address)
if remote_address:
await trio_socket.connect(remote_address)
return ConnectedUDPSocket(trio_socket)
else:
return UDPSocket(trio_socket)
getaddrinfo = trio.socket.getaddrinfo
getnameinfo = trio.socket.getnameinfo
async def wait_socket_readable(sock: socket.socket) -> None:
try:
await wait_readable(sock)
except trio.ClosedResourceError as exc:
raise ClosedResourceError().with_traceback(exc.__traceback__) from None
except trio.BusyResourceError:
raise BusyResourceError("reading from") from None
async def wait_socket_writable(sock: socket.socket) -> None:
try:
await wait_writable(sock)
except trio.ClosedResourceError as exc:
raise ClosedResourceError().with_traceback(exc.__traceback__) from None
except trio.BusyResourceError:
raise BusyResourceError("writing to") from None
#
# Synchronization
#
class Event(BaseEvent):
def __new__(cls) -> Event:
return object.__new__(cls)
def __init__(self) -> None:
self.__original = trio.Event()
def is_set(self) -> bool:
return self.__original.is_set()
async def wait(self) -> None:
return await self.__original.wait()
def statistics(self) -> EventStatistics:
orig_statistics = self.__original.statistics()
return EventStatistics(tasks_waiting=orig_statistics.tasks_waiting)
def set(self) -> DeprecatedAwaitable:
self.__original.set()
return DeprecatedAwaitable(self.set)
class CapacityLimiter(BaseCapacityLimiter):
def __new__(cls, *args: object, **kwargs: object) -> CapacityLimiter:
return object.__new__(cls)
def __init__(
self, *args: Any, original: trio.CapacityLimiter | None = None
) -> None:
self.__original = original or trio.CapacityLimiter(*args)
async def __aenter__(self) -> None:
return await self.__original.__aenter__()
async def __aexit__(
self,
exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
exc_val: BaseException | None,
exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
) -> None:
await self.__original.__aexit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb)
@property
def total_tokens(self) -> float:
return self.__original.total_tokens
@total_tokens.setter
def total_tokens(self, value: float) -> None:
self.__original.total_tokens = value
@property
def borrowed_tokens(self) -> int:
return self.__original.borrowed_tokens
@property
def available_tokens(self) -> float:
return self.__original.available_tokens
def acquire_nowait(self) -> DeprecatedAwaitable:
self.__original.acquire_nowait()
return DeprecatedAwaitable(self.acquire_nowait)
def acquire_on_behalf_of_nowait(self, borrower: object) -> DeprecatedAwaitable:
self.__original.acquire_on_behalf_of_nowait(borrower)
return DeprecatedAwaitable(self.acquire_on_behalf_of_nowait)
async def acquire(self) -> None:
await self.__original.acquire()
async def acquire_on_behalf_of(self, borrower: object) -> None:
await self.__original.acquire_on_behalf_of(borrower)
def release(self) -> None:
return self.__original.release()
def release_on_behalf_of(self, borrower: object) -> None:
return self.__original.release_on_behalf_of(borrower)
def statistics(self) -> CapacityLimiterStatistics:
orig = self.__original.statistics()
return CapacityLimiterStatistics(
borrowed_tokens=orig.borrowed_tokens,
total_tokens=orig.total_tokens,
borrowers=orig.borrowers,
tasks_waiting=orig.tasks_waiting,
)
_capacity_limiter_wrapper: RunVar = RunVar("_capacity_limiter_wrapper")
def current_default_thread_limiter() -> CapacityLimiter:
try:
return _capacity_limiter_wrapper.get()
except LookupError:
limiter = CapacityLimiter(
original=trio.to_thread.current_default_thread_limiter()
)
_capacity_limiter_wrapper.set(limiter)
return limiter
#
# Signal handling
#
class _SignalReceiver(DeprecatedAsyncContextManager["_SignalReceiver"]):
_iterator: AsyncIterator[int]
def __init__(self, signals: tuple[Signals, ...]):
self._signals = signals
def __enter__(self) -> _SignalReceiver:
self._cm = trio.open_signal_receiver(*self._signals)
self._iterator = self._cm.__enter__()
return self
def __exit__(
self,
exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
exc_val: BaseException | None,
exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
) -> bool | None:
return self._cm.__exit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb)
def __aiter__(self) -> _SignalReceiver:
return self
async def __anext__(self) -> Signals:
signum = await self._iterator.__anext__()
return Signals(signum)
def open_signal_receiver(*signals: Signals) -> _SignalReceiver:
return _SignalReceiver(signals)
#
# Testing and debugging
#
def get_current_task() -> TaskInfo:
task = trio_lowlevel.current_task()
parent_id = None
if task.parent_nursery and task.parent_nursery.parent_task:
parent_id = id(task.parent_nursery.parent_task)
return TaskInfo(id(task), parent_id, task.name, task.coro)
def get_running_tasks() -> list[TaskInfo]:
root_task = trio_lowlevel.current_root_task()
task_infos = [TaskInfo(id(root_task), None, root_task.name, root_task.coro)]
nurseries = root_task.child_nurseries
while nurseries:
new_nurseries: list[trio.Nursery] = []
for nursery in nurseries:
for task in nursery.child_tasks:
task_infos.append(
TaskInfo(id(task), id(nursery.parent_task), task.name, task.coro)
)
new_nurseries.extend(task.child_nurseries)
nurseries = new_nurseries
return task_infos
def wait_all_tasks_blocked() -> Awaitable[None]:
import trio.testing
return trio.testing.wait_all_tasks_blocked()
class TestRunner(abc.TestRunner):
def __init__(self, **options: Any) -> None:
from collections import deque
from queue import Queue
self._call_queue: Queue[Callable[..., object]] = Queue()
self._result_queue: deque[Outcome] = deque()
self._stop_event: trio.Event | None = None
self._nursery: trio.Nursery | None = None
self._options = options
async def _trio_main(self) -> None:
self._stop_event = trio.Event()
async with trio.open_nursery() as self._nursery:
await self._stop_event.wait()
async def _call_func(
self, func: Callable[..., Awaitable[object]], args: tuple, kwargs: dict
) -> None:
try:
retval = await func(*args, **kwargs)
except BaseException as exc:
self._result_queue.append(Error(exc))
else:
self._result_queue.append(Value(retval))
def _main_task_finished(self, outcome: object) -> None:
self._nursery = None
def _get_nursery(self) -> trio.Nursery:
if self._nursery is None:
trio.lowlevel.start_guest_run(
self._trio_main,
run_sync_soon_threadsafe=self._call_queue.put,
done_callback=self._main_task_finished,
**self._options,
)
while self._nursery is None:
self._call_queue.get()()
return self._nursery
def _call(
self, func: Callable[..., Awaitable[T_Retval]], *args: object, **kwargs: object
) -> T_Retval:
self._get_nursery().start_soon(self._call_func, func, args, kwargs)
while not self._result_queue:
self._call_queue.get()()
outcome = self._result_queue.pop()
return outcome.unwrap()
def close(self) -> None:
if self._stop_event:
self._stop_event.set()
while self._nursery is not None:
self._call_queue.get()()
def run_asyncgen_fixture(
self,
fixture_func: Callable[..., AsyncGenerator[T_Retval, Any]],
kwargs: dict[str, Any],
) -> Iterable[T_Retval]:
async def fixture_runner(*, task_status: TaskStatus[T_Retval]) -> None:
agen = fixture_func(**kwargs)
retval = await agen.asend(None)
task_status.started(retval)
await teardown_event.wait()
try:
await agen.asend(None)
except StopAsyncIteration:
pass
else:
await agen.aclose()
raise RuntimeError("Async generator fixture did not stop")
teardown_event = trio.Event()
fixture_value = self._call(lambda: self._get_nursery().start(fixture_runner))
yield fixture_value
teardown_event.set()
def run_fixture(
self,
fixture_func: Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, T_Retval]],
kwargs: dict[str, Any],
) -> T_Retval:
return self._call(fixture_func, **kwargs)
def run_test(
self, test_func: Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, Any]], kwargs: dict[str, Any]
) -> None:
self._call(test_func, **kwargs)

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from __future__ import annotations
from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
from contextlib import AbstractContextManager
from types import TracebackType
from typing import (
TYPE_CHECKING,
Any,
AsyncContextManager,
Callable,
ContextManager,
Generator,
Generic,
Iterable,
List,
TypeVar,
Union,
overload,
)
from warnings import warn
if TYPE_CHECKING:
from ._testing import TaskInfo
else:
TaskInfo = object
T = TypeVar("T")
AnyDeprecatedAwaitable = Union[
"DeprecatedAwaitable",
"DeprecatedAwaitableFloat",
"DeprecatedAwaitableList[T]",
TaskInfo,
]
@overload
async def maybe_async(__obj: TaskInfo) -> TaskInfo:
...
@overload
async def maybe_async(__obj: DeprecatedAwaitableFloat) -> float:
...
@overload
async def maybe_async(__obj: DeprecatedAwaitableList[T]) -> list[T]:
...
@overload
async def maybe_async(__obj: DeprecatedAwaitable) -> None:
...
async def maybe_async(
__obj: AnyDeprecatedAwaitable[T],
) -> TaskInfo | float | list[T] | None:
"""
Await on the given object if necessary.
This function is intended to bridge the gap between AnyIO 2.x and 3.x where some functions and
methods were converted from coroutine functions into regular functions.
Do **not** try to use this for any other purpose!
:return: the result of awaiting on the object if coroutine, or the object itself otherwise
.. versionadded:: 2.2
"""
return __obj._unwrap()
class _ContextManagerWrapper:
def __init__(self, cm: ContextManager[T]):
self._cm = cm
async def __aenter__(self) -> T:
return self._cm.__enter__()
async def __aexit__(
self,
exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
exc_val: BaseException | None,
exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
) -> bool | None:
return self._cm.__exit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb)
def maybe_async_cm(
cm: ContextManager[T] | AsyncContextManager[T],
) -> AsyncContextManager[T]:
"""
Wrap a regular context manager as an async one if necessary.
This function is intended to bridge the gap between AnyIO 2.x and 3.x where some functions and
methods were changed to return regular context managers instead of async ones.
:param cm: a regular or async context manager
:return: an async context manager
.. versionadded:: 2.2
"""
if not isinstance(cm, AbstractContextManager):
raise TypeError("Given object is not an context manager")
return _ContextManagerWrapper(cm)
def _warn_deprecation(
awaitable: AnyDeprecatedAwaitable[Any], stacklevel: int = 1
) -> None:
warn(
f'Awaiting on {awaitable._name}() is deprecated. Use "await '
f"anyio.maybe_async({awaitable._name}(...)) if you have to support both AnyIO 2.x "
f'and 3.x, or just remove the "await" if you are completely migrating to AnyIO 3+.',
DeprecationWarning,
stacklevel=stacklevel + 1,
)
class DeprecatedAwaitable:
def __init__(self, func: Callable[..., DeprecatedAwaitable]):
self._name = f"{func.__module__}.{func.__qualname__}"
def __await__(self) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
_warn_deprecation(self)
if False:
yield
def __reduce__(self) -> tuple[type[None], tuple[()]]:
return type(None), ()
def _unwrap(self) -> None:
return None
class DeprecatedAwaitableFloat(float):
def __new__(
cls, x: float, func: Callable[..., DeprecatedAwaitableFloat]
) -> DeprecatedAwaitableFloat:
return super().__new__(cls, x)
def __init__(self, x: float, func: Callable[..., DeprecatedAwaitableFloat]):
self._name = f"{func.__module__}.{func.__qualname__}"
def __await__(self) -> Generator[None, None, float]:
_warn_deprecation(self)
if False:
yield
return float(self)
def __reduce__(self) -> tuple[type[float], tuple[float]]:
return float, (float(self),)
def _unwrap(self) -> float:
return float(self)
class DeprecatedAwaitableList(List[T]):
def __init__(
self,
iterable: Iterable[T] = (),
*,
func: Callable[..., DeprecatedAwaitableList[T]],
):
super().__init__(iterable)
self._name = f"{func.__module__}.{func.__qualname__}"
def __await__(self) -> Generator[None, None, list[T]]:
_warn_deprecation(self)
if False:
yield
return list(self)
def __reduce__(self) -> tuple[type[list[T]], tuple[list[T]]]:
return list, (list(self),)
def _unwrap(self) -> list[T]:
return list(self)
class DeprecatedAsyncContextManager(Generic[T], metaclass=ABCMeta):
@abstractmethod
def __enter__(self) -> T:
pass
@abstractmethod
def __exit__(
self,
exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
exc_val: BaseException | None,
exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
) -> bool | None:
pass
async def __aenter__(self) -> T:
warn(
f"Using {self.__class__.__name__} as an async context manager has been deprecated. "
f'Use "async with anyio.maybe_async_cm(yourcontextmanager) as foo:" if you have to '
f'support both AnyIO 2.x and 3.x, or just remove the "async" from "async with" if '
f"you are completely migrating to AnyIO 3+.",
DeprecationWarning,
)
return self.__enter__()
async def __aexit__(
self,
exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
exc_val: BaseException | None,
exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
) -> bool | None:
return self.__exit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb)

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from __future__ import annotations
import math
import sys
import threading
from contextlib import contextmanager
from importlib import import_module
from typing import (
Any,
Awaitable,
Callable,
Generator,
TypeVar,
)
import sniffio
# This must be updated when new backends are introduced
from ._compat import DeprecatedAwaitableFloat
BACKENDS = "asyncio", "trio"
T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval")
threadlocals = threading.local()
def run(
func: Callable[..., Awaitable[T_Retval]],
*args: object,
backend: str = "asyncio",
backend_options: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
) -> T_Retval:
"""
Run the given coroutine function in an asynchronous event loop.
The current thread must not be already running an event loop.
:param func: a coroutine function
:param args: positional arguments to ``func``
:param backend: name of the asynchronous event loop implementation currently either
``asyncio`` or ``trio``
:param backend_options: keyword arguments to call the backend ``run()`` implementation with
(documented :ref:`here <backend options>`)
:return: the return value of the coroutine function
:raises RuntimeError: if an asynchronous event loop is already running in this thread
:raises LookupError: if the named backend is not found
"""
try:
asynclib_name = sniffio.current_async_library()
except sniffio.AsyncLibraryNotFoundError:
pass
else:
raise RuntimeError(f"Already running {asynclib_name} in this thread")
try:
asynclib = import_module(f"..._backends._{backend}", package=__name__)
except ImportError as exc:
raise LookupError(f"No such backend: {backend}") from exc
token = None
if sniffio.current_async_library_cvar.get(None) is None:
# Since we're in control of the event loop, we can cache the name of the async library
token = sniffio.current_async_library_cvar.set(backend)
try:
backend_options = backend_options or {}
return asynclib.run(func, *args, **backend_options)
finally:
if token:
sniffio.current_async_library_cvar.reset(token)
async def sleep(delay: float) -> None:
"""
Pause the current task for the specified duration.
:param delay: the duration, in seconds
"""
return await get_asynclib().sleep(delay)
async def sleep_forever() -> None:
"""
Pause the current task until it's cancelled.
This is a shortcut for ``sleep(math.inf)``.
.. versionadded:: 3.1
"""
await sleep(math.inf)
async def sleep_until(deadline: float) -> None:
"""
Pause the current task until the given time.
:param deadline: the absolute time to wake up at (according to the internal monotonic clock of
the event loop)
.. versionadded:: 3.1
"""
now = current_time()
await sleep(max(deadline - now, 0))
def current_time() -> DeprecatedAwaitableFloat:
"""
Return the current value of the event loop's internal clock.
:return: the clock value (seconds)
"""
return DeprecatedAwaitableFloat(get_asynclib().current_time(), current_time)
def get_all_backends() -> tuple[str, ...]:
"""Return a tuple of the names of all built-in backends."""
return BACKENDS
def get_cancelled_exc_class() -> type[BaseException]:
"""Return the current async library's cancellation exception class."""
return get_asynclib().CancelledError
#
# Private API
#
@contextmanager
def claim_worker_thread(backend: str) -> Generator[Any, None, None]:
module = sys.modules["anyio._backends._" + backend]
threadlocals.current_async_module = module
try:
yield
finally:
del threadlocals.current_async_module
def get_asynclib(asynclib_name: str | None = None) -> Any:
if asynclib_name is None:
asynclib_name = sniffio.current_async_library()
modulename = "anyio._backends._" + asynclib_name
try:
return sys.modules[modulename]
except KeyError:
return import_module(modulename)

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from __future__ import annotations
from traceback import format_exception
class BrokenResourceError(Exception):
"""
Raised when trying to use a resource that has been rendered unusable due to external causes
(e.g. a send stream whose peer has disconnected).
"""
class BrokenWorkerProcess(Exception):
"""
Raised by :func:`run_sync_in_process` if the worker process terminates abruptly or otherwise
misbehaves.
"""
class BusyResourceError(Exception):
"""Raised when two tasks are trying to read from or write to the same resource concurrently."""
def __init__(self, action: str):
super().__init__(f"Another task is already {action} this resource")
class ClosedResourceError(Exception):
"""Raised when trying to use a resource that has been closed."""
class DelimiterNotFound(Exception):
"""
Raised during :meth:`~anyio.streams.buffered.BufferedByteReceiveStream.receive_until` if the
maximum number of bytes has been read without the delimiter being found.
"""
def __init__(self, max_bytes: int) -> None:
super().__init__(
f"The delimiter was not found among the first {max_bytes} bytes"
)
class EndOfStream(Exception):
"""Raised when trying to read from a stream that has been closed from the other end."""
class ExceptionGroup(BaseException):
"""
Raised when multiple exceptions have been raised in a task group.
:var ~typing.Sequence[BaseException] exceptions: the sequence of exceptions raised together
"""
SEPARATOR = "----------------------------\n"
exceptions: list[BaseException]
def __str__(self) -> str:
tracebacks = [
"".join(format_exception(type(exc), exc, exc.__traceback__))
for exc in self.exceptions
]
return (
f"{len(self.exceptions)} exceptions were raised in the task group:\n"
f"{self.SEPARATOR}{self.SEPARATOR.join(tracebacks)}"
)
def __repr__(self) -> str:
exception_reprs = ", ".join(repr(exc) for exc in self.exceptions)
return f"<{self.__class__.__name__}: {exception_reprs}>"
class IncompleteRead(Exception):
"""
Raised during :meth:`~anyio.streams.buffered.BufferedByteReceiveStream.receive_exactly` or
:meth:`~anyio.streams.buffered.BufferedByteReceiveStream.receive_until` if the
connection is closed before the requested amount of bytes has been read.
"""
def __init__(self) -> None:
super().__init__(
"The stream was closed before the read operation could be completed"
)
class TypedAttributeLookupError(LookupError):
"""
Raised by :meth:`~anyio.TypedAttributeProvider.extra` when the given typed attribute is not
found and no default value has been given.
"""
class WouldBlock(Exception):
"""Raised by ``X_nowait`` functions if ``X()`` would block."""

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from __future__ import annotations
import os
import pathlib
import sys
from dataclasses import dataclass
from functools import partial
from os import PathLike
from typing import (
IO,
TYPE_CHECKING,
Any,
AnyStr,
AsyncIterator,
Callable,
Generic,
Iterable,
Iterator,
Sequence,
cast,
overload,
)
from .. import to_thread
from ..abc import AsyncResource
if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
from typing import Final
else:
from typing_extensions import Final
if TYPE_CHECKING:
from _typeshed import OpenBinaryMode, OpenTextMode, ReadableBuffer, WriteableBuffer
else:
ReadableBuffer = OpenBinaryMode = OpenTextMode = WriteableBuffer = object
class AsyncFile(AsyncResource, Generic[AnyStr]):
"""
An asynchronous file object.
This class wraps a standard file object and provides async friendly versions of the following
blocking methods (where available on the original file object):
* read
* read1
* readline
* readlines
* readinto
* readinto1
* write
* writelines
* truncate
* seek
* tell
* flush
All other methods are directly passed through.
This class supports the asynchronous context manager protocol which closes the underlying file
at the end of the context block.
This class also supports asynchronous iteration::
async with await open_file(...) as f:
async for line in f:
print(line)
"""
def __init__(self, fp: IO[AnyStr]) -> None:
self._fp: Any = fp
def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> object:
return getattr(self._fp, name)
@property
def wrapped(self) -> IO[AnyStr]:
"""The wrapped file object."""
return self._fp
async def __aiter__(self) -> AsyncIterator[AnyStr]:
while True:
line = await self.readline()
if line:
yield line
else:
break
async def aclose(self) -> None:
return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.close)
async def read(self, size: int = -1) -> AnyStr:
return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.read, size)
async def read1(self: AsyncFile[bytes], size: int = -1) -> bytes:
return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.read1, size)
async def readline(self) -> AnyStr:
return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.readline)
async def readlines(self) -> list[AnyStr]:
return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.readlines)
async def readinto(self: AsyncFile[bytes], b: WriteableBuffer) -> bytes:
return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.readinto, b)
async def readinto1(self: AsyncFile[bytes], b: WriteableBuffer) -> bytes:
return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.readinto1, b)
@overload
async def write(self: AsyncFile[bytes], b: ReadableBuffer) -> int:
...
@overload
async def write(self: AsyncFile[str], b: str) -> int:
...
async def write(self, b: ReadableBuffer | str) -> int:
return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.write, b)
@overload
async def writelines(
self: AsyncFile[bytes], lines: Iterable[ReadableBuffer]
) -> None:
...
@overload
async def writelines(self: AsyncFile[str], lines: Iterable[str]) -> None:
...
async def writelines(self, lines: Iterable[ReadableBuffer] | Iterable[str]) -> None:
return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.writelines, lines)
async def truncate(self, size: int | None = None) -> int:
return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.truncate, size)
async def seek(self, offset: int, whence: int | None = os.SEEK_SET) -> int:
return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.seek, offset, whence)
async def tell(self) -> int:
return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.tell)
async def flush(self) -> None:
return await to_thread.run_sync(self._fp.flush)
@overload
async def open_file(
file: str | PathLike[str] | int,
mode: OpenBinaryMode,
buffering: int = ...,
encoding: str | None = ...,
errors: str | None = ...,
newline: str | None = ...,
closefd: bool = ...,
opener: Callable[[str, int], int] | None = ...,
) -> AsyncFile[bytes]:
...
@overload
async def open_file(
file: str | PathLike[str] | int,
mode: OpenTextMode = ...,
buffering: int = ...,
encoding: str | None = ...,
errors: str | None = ...,
newline: str | None = ...,
closefd: bool = ...,
opener: Callable[[str, int], int] | None = ...,
) -> AsyncFile[str]:
...
async def open_file(
file: str | PathLike[str] | int,
mode: str = "r",
buffering: int = -1,
encoding: str | None = None,
errors: str | None = None,
newline: str | None = None,
closefd: bool = True,
opener: Callable[[str, int], int] | None = None,
) -> AsyncFile[Any]:
"""
Open a file asynchronously.
The arguments are exactly the same as for the builtin :func:`open`.
:return: an asynchronous file object
"""
fp = await to_thread.run_sync(
open, file, mode, buffering, encoding, errors, newline, closefd, opener
)
return AsyncFile(fp)
def wrap_file(file: IO[AnyStr]) -> AsyncFile[AnyStr]:
"""
Wrap an existing file as an asynchronous file.
:param file: an existing file-like object
:return: an asynchronous file object
"""
return AsyncFile(file)
@dataclass(eq=False)
class _PathIterator(AsyncIterator["Path"]):
iterator: Iterator[PathLike[str]]
async def __anext__(self) -> Path:
nextval = await to_thread.run_sync(next, self.iterator, None, cancellable=True)
if nextval is None:
raise StopAsyncIteration from None
return Path(cast("PathLike[str]", nextval))
class Path:
"""
An asynchronous version of :class:`pathlib.Path`.
This class cannot be substituted for :class:`pathlib.Path` or :class:`pathlib.PurePath`, but
it is compatible with the :class:`os.PathLike` interface.
It implements the Python 3.10 version of :class:`pathlib.Path` interface, except for the
deprecated :meth:`~pathlib.Path.link_to` method.
Any methods that do disk I/O need to be awaited on. These methods are:
* :meth:`~pathlib.Path.absolute`
* :meth:`~pathlib.Path.chmod`
* :meth:`~pathlib.Path.cwd`
* :meth:`~pathlib.Path.exists`
* :meth:`~pathlib.Path.expanduser`
* :meth:`~pathlib.Path.group`
* :meth:`~pathlib.Path.hardlink_to`
* :meth:`~pathlib.Path.home`
* :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_block_device`
* :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_char_device`
* :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_dir`
* :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_fifo`
* :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_file`
* :meth:`~pathlib.Path.is_mount`
* :meth:`~pathlib.Path.lchmod`
* :meth:`~pathlib.Path.lstat`
* :meth:`~pathlib.Path.mkdir`
* :meth:`~pathlib.Path.open`
* :meth:`~pathlib.Path.owner`
* :meth:`~pathlib.Path.read_bytes`
* :meth:`~pathlib.Path.read_text`
* :meth:`~pathlib.Path.readlink`
* :meth:`~pathlib.Path.rename`
* :meth:`~pathlib.Path.replace`
* :meth:`~pathlib.Path.rmdir`
* :meth:`~pathlib.Path.samefile`
* :meth:`~pathlib.Path.stat`
* :meth:`~pathlib.Path.touch`
* :meth:`~pathlib.Path.unlink`
* :meth:`~pathlib.Path.write_bytes`
* :meth:`~pathlib.Path.write_text`
Additionally, the following methods return an async iterator yielding :class:`~.Path` objects:
* :meth:`~pathlib.Path.glob`
* :meth:`~pathlib.Path.iterdir`
* :meth:`~pathlib.Path.rglob`
"""
__slots__ = "_path", "__weakref__"
__weakref__: Any
def __init__(self, *args: str | PathLike[str]) -> None:
self._path: Final[pathlib.Path] = pathlib.Path(*args)
def __fspath__(self) -> str:
return self._path.__fspath__()
def __str__(self) -> str:
return self._path.__str__()
def __repr__(self) -> str:
return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self.as_posix()!r})"
def __bytes__(self) -> bytes:
return self._path.__bytes__()
def __hash__(self) -> int:
return self._path.__hash__()
def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
target = other._path if isinstance(other, Path) else other
return self._path.__eq__(target)
def __lt__(self, other: Path) -> bool:
target = other._path if isinstance(other, Path) else other
return self._path.__lt__(target)
def __le__(self, other: Path) -> bool:
target = other._path if isinstance(other, Path) else other
return self._path.__le__(target)
def __gt__(self, other: Path) -> bool:
target = other._path if isinstance(other, Path) else other
return self._path.__gt__(target)
def __ge__(self, other: Path) -> bool:
target = other._path if isinstance(other, Path) else other
return self._path.__ge__(target)
def __truediv__(self, other: Any) -> Path:
return Path(self._path / other)
def __rtruediv__(self, other: Any) -> Path:
return Path(other) / self
@property
def parts(self) -> tuple[str, ...]:
return self._path.parts
@property
def drive(self) -> str:
return self._path.drive
@property
def root(self) -> str:
return self._path.root
@property
def anchor(self) -> str:
return self._path.anchor
@property
def parents(self) -> Sequence[Path]:
return tuple(Path(p) for p in self._path.parents)
@property
def parent(self) -> Path:
return Path(self._path.parent)
@property
def name(self) -> str:
return self._path.name
@property
def suffix(self) -> str:
return self._path.suffix
@property
def suffixes(self) -> list[str]:
return self._path.suffixes
@property
def stem(self) -> str:
return self._path.stem
async def absolute(self) -> Path:
path = await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.absolute)
return Path(path)
def as_posix(self) -> str:
return self._path.as_posix()
def as_uri(self) -> str:
return self._path.as_uri()
def match(self, path_pattern: str) -> bool:
return self._path.match(path_pattern)
def is_relative_to(self, *other: str | PathLike[str]) -> bool:
try:
self.relative_to(*other)
return True
except ValueError:
return False
async def chmod(self, mode: int, *, follow_symlinks: bool = True) -> None:
func = partial(os.chmod, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
return await to_thread.run_sync(func, self._path, mode)
@classmethod
async def cwd(cls) -> Path:
path = await to_thread.run_sync(pathlib.Path.cwd)
return cls(path)
async def exists(self) -> bool:
return await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.exists, cancellable=True)
async def expanduser(self) -> Path:
return Path(await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.expanduser, cancellable=True))
def glob(self, pattern: str) -> AsyncIterator[Path]:
gen = self._path.glob(pattern)
return _PathIterator(gen)
async def group(self) -> str:
return await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.group, cancellable=True)
async def hardlink_to(self, target: str | pathlib.Path | Path) -> None:
if isinstance(target, Path):
target = target._path
await to_thread.run_sync(os.link, target, self)
@classmethod
async def home(cls) -> Path:
home_path = await to_thread.run_sync(pathlib.Path.home)
return cls(home_path)
def is_absolute(self) -> bool:
return self._path.is_absolute()
async def is_block_device(self) -> bool:
return await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.is_block_device, cancellable=True)
async def is_char_device(self) -> bool:
return await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.is_char_device, cancellable=True)
async def is_dir(self) -> bool:
return await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.is_dir, cancellable=True)
async def is_fifo(self) -> bool:
return await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.is_fifo, cancellable=True)
async def is_file(self) -> bool:
return await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.is_file, cancellable=True)
async def is_mount(self) -> bool:
return await to_thread.run_sync(os.path.ismount, self._path, cancellable=True)
def is_reserved(self) -> bool:
return self._path.is_reserved()
async def is_socket(self) -> bool:
return await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.is_socket, cancellable=True)
async def is_symlink(self) -> bool:
return await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.is_symlink, cancellable=True)
def iterdir(self) -> AsyncIterator[Path]:
gen = self._path.iterdir()
return _PathIterator(gen)
def joinpath(self, *args: str | PathLike[str]) -> Path:
return Path(self._path.joinpath(*args))
async def lchmod(self, mode: int) -> None:
await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.lchmod, mode)
async def lstat(self) -> os.stat_result:
return await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.lstat, cancellable=True)
async def mkdir(
self, mode: int = 0o777, parents: bool = False, exist_ok: bool = False
) -> None:
await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.mkdir, mode, parents, exist_ok)
@overload
async def open(
self,
mode: OpenBinaryMode,
buffering: int = ...,
encoding: str | None = ...,
errors: str | None = ...,
newline: str | None = ...,
) -> AsyncFile[bytes]:
...
@overload
async def open(
self,
mode: OpenTextMode = ...,
buffering: int = ...,
encoding: str | None = ...,
errors: str | None = ...,
newline: str | None = ...,
) -> AsyncFile[str]:
...
async def open(
self,
mode: str = "r",
buffering: int = -1,
encoding: str | None = None,
errors: str | None = None,
newline: str | None = None,
) -> AsyncFile[Any]:
fp = await to_thread.run_sync(
self._path.open, mode, buffering, encoding, errors, newline
)
return AsyncFile(fp)
async def owner(self) -> str:
return await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.owner, cancellable=True)
async def read_bytes(self) -> bytes:
return await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.read_bytes)
async def read_text(
self, encoding: str | None = None, errors: str | None = None
) -> str:
return await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.read_text, encoding, errors)
def relative_to(self, *other: str | PathLike[str]) -> Path:
return Path(self._path.relative_to(*other))
async def readlink(self) -> Path:
target = await to_thread.run_sync(os.readlink, self._path)
return Path(cast(str, target))
async def rename(self, target: str | pathlib.PurePath | Path) -> Path:
if isinstance(target, Path):
target = target._path
await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.rename, target)
return Path(target)
async def replace(self, target: str | pathlib.PurePath | Path) -> Path:
if isinstance(target, Path):
target = target._path
await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.replace, target)
return Path(target)
async def resolve(self, strict: bool = False) -> Path:
func = partial(self._path.resolve, strict=strict)
return Path(await to_thread.run_sync(func, cancellable=True))
def rglob(self, pattern: str) -> AsyncIterator[Path]:
gen = self._path.rglob(pattern)
return _PathIterator(gen)
async def rmdir(self) -> None:
await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.rmdir)
async def samefile(
self, other_path: str | bytes | int | pathlib.Path | Path
) -> bool:
if isinstance(other_path, Path):
other_path = other_path._path
return await to_thread.run_sync(
self._path.samefile, other_path, cancellable=True
)
async def stat(self, *, follow_symlinks: bool = True) -> os.stat_result:
func = partial(os.stat, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
return await to_thread.run_sync(func, self._path, cancellable=True)
async def symlink_to(
self,
target: str | pathlib.Path | Path,
target_is_directory: bool = False,
) -> None:
if isinstance(target, Path):
target = target._path
await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.symlink_to, target, target_is_directory)
async def touch(self, mode: int = 0o666, exist_ok: bool = True) -> None:
await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.touch, mode, exist_ok)
async def unlink(self, missing_ok: bool = False) -> None:
try:
await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.unlink)
except FileNotFoundError:
if not missing_ok:
raise
def with_name(self, name: str) -> Path:
return Path(self._path.with_name(name))
def with_stem(self, stem: str) -> Path:
return Path(self._path.with_name(stem + self._path.suffix))
def with_suffix(self, suffix: str) -> Path:
return Path(self._path.with_suffix(suffix))
async def write_bytes(self, data: bytes) -> int:
return await to_thread.run_sync(self._path.write_bytes, data)
async def write_text(
self,
data: str,
encoding: str | None = None,
errors: str | None = None,
newline: str | None = None,
) -> int:
# Path.write_text() does not support the "newline" parameter before Python 3.10
def sync_write_text() -> int:
with self._path.open(
"w", encoding=encoding, errors=errors, newline=newline
) as fp:
return fp.write(data)
return await to_thread.run_sync(sync_write_text)
PathLike.register(Path)

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@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
from __future__ import annotations
from ..abc import AsyncResource
from ._tasks import CancelScope
async def aclose_forcefully(resource: AsyncResource) -> None:
"""
Close an asynchronous resource in a cancelled scope.
Doing this closes the resource without waiting on anything.
:param resource: the resource to close
"""
with CancelScope() as scope:
scope.cancel()
await resource.aclose()

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@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
from __future__ import annotations
from typing import AsyncIterator
from ._compat import DeprecatedAsyncContextManager
from ._eventloop import get_asynclib
def open_signal_receiver(
*signals: int,
) -> DeprecatedAsyncContextManager[AsyncIterator[int]]:
"""
Start receiving operating system signals.
:param signals: signals to receive (e.g. ``signal.SIGINT``)
:return: an asynchronous context manager for an asynchronous iterator which yields signal
numbers
.. warning:: Windows does not support signals natively so it is best to avoid relying on this
in cross-platform applications.
.. warning:: On asyncio, this permanently replaces any previous signal handler for the given
signals, as set via :meth:`~asyncio.loop.add_signal_handler`.
"""
return get_asynclib().open_signal_receiver(*signals)

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@ -0,0 +1,607 @@
from __future__ import annotations
import socket
import ssl
import sys
from ipaddress import IPv6Address, ip_address
from os import PathLike, chmod
from pathlib import Path
from socket import AddressFamily, SocketKind
from typing import Awaitable, List, Tuple, cast, overload
from .. import to_thread
from ..abc import (
ConnectedUDPSocket,
IPAddressType,
IPSockAddrType,
SocketListener,
SocketStream,
UDPSocket,
UNIXSocketStream,
)
from ..streams.stapled import MultiListener
from ..streams.tls import TLSStream
from ._eventloop import get_asynclib
from ._resources import aclose_forcefully
from ._synchronization import Event
from ._tasks import create_task_group, move_on_after
if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
from typing import Literal
else:
from typing_extensions import Literal
IPPROTO_IPV6 = getattr(socket, "IPPROTO_IPV6", 41) # https://bugs.python.org/issue29515
GetAddrInfoReturnType = List[
Tuple[AddressFamily, SocketKind, int, str, Tuple[str, int]]
]
AnyIPAddressFamily = Literal[
AddressFamily.AF_UNSPEC, AddressFamily.AF_INET, AddressFamily.AF_INET6
]
IPAddressFamily = Literal[AddressFamily.AF_INET, AddressFamily.AF_INET6]
# tls_hostname given
@overload
async def connect_tcp(
remote_host: IPAddressType,
remote_port: int,
*,
local_host: IPAddressType | None = ...,
ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = ...,
tls_standard_compatible: bool = ...,
tls_hostname: str,
happy_eyeballs_delay: float = ...,
) -> TLSStream:
...
# ssl_context given
@overload
async def connect_tcp(
remote_host: IPAddressType,
remote_port: int,
*,
local_host: IPAddressType | None = ...,
ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
tls_standard_compatible: bool = ...,
tls_hostname: str | None = ...,
happy_eyeballs_delay: float = ...,
) -> TLSStream:
...
# tls=True
@overload
async def connect_tcp(
remote_host: IPAddressType,
remote_port: int,
*,
local_host: IPAddressType | None = ...,
tls: Literal[True],
ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = ...,
tls_standard_compatible: bool = ...,
tls_hostname: str | None = ...,
happy_eyeballs_delay: float = ...,
) -> TLSStream:
...
# tls=False
@overload
async def connect_tcp(
remote_host: IPAddressType,
remote_port: int,
*,
local_host: IPAddressType | None = ...,
tls: Literal[False],
ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = ...,
tls_standard_compatible: bool = ...,
tls_hostname: str | None = ...,
happy_eyeballs_delay: float = ...,
) -> SocketStream:
...
# No TLS arguments
@overload
async def connect_tcp(
remote_host: IPAddressType,
remote_port: int,
*,
local_host: IPAddressType | None = ...,
happy_eyeballs_delay: float = ...,
) -> SocketStream:
...
async def connect_tcp(
remote_host: IPAddressType,
remote_port: int,
*,
local_host: IPAddressType | None = None,
tls: bool = False,
ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
tls_standard_compatible: bool = True,
tls_hostname: str | None = None,
happy_eyeballs_delay: float = 0.25,
) -> SocketStream | TLSStream:
"""
Connect to a host using the TCP protocol.
This function implements the stateless version of the Happy Eyeballs algorithm (RFC
6555). If ``remote_host`` is a host name that resolves to multiple IP addresses,
each one is tried until one connection attempt succeeds. If the first attempt does
not connected within 250 milliseconds, a second attempt is started using the next
address in the list, and so on. On IPv6 enabled systems, an IPv6 address (if
available) is tried first.
When the connection has been established, a TLS handshake will be done if either
``ssl_context`` or ``tls_hostname`` is not ``None``, or if ``tls`` is ``True``.
:param remote_host: the IP address or host name to connect to
:param remote_port: port on the target host to connect to
:param local_host: the interface address or name to bind the socket to before connecting
:param tls: ``True`` to do a TLS handshake with the connected stream and return a
:class:`~anyio.streams.tls.TLSStream` instead
:param ssl_context: the SSL context object to use (if omitted, a default context is created)
:param tls_standard_compatible: If ``True``, performs the TLS shutdown handshake before closing
the stream and requires that the server does this as well. Otherwise,
:exc:`~ssl.SSLEOFError` may be raised during reads from the stream.
Some protocols, such as HTTP, require this option to be ``False``.
See :meth:`~ssl.SSLContext.wrap_socket` for details.
:param tls_hostname: host name to check the server certificate against (defaults to the value
of ``remote_host``)
:param happy_eyeballs_delay: delay (in seconds) before starting the next connection attempt
:return: a socket stream object if no TLS handshake was done, otherwise a TLS stream
:raises OSError: if the connection attempt fails
"""
# Placed here due to https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/7057
connected_stream: SocketStream | None = None
async def try_connect(remote_host: str, event: Event) -> None:
nonlocal connected_stream
try:
stream = await asynclib.connect_tcp(remote_host, remote_port, local_address)
except OSError as exc:
oserrors.append(exc)
return
else:
if connected_stream is None:
connected_stream = stream
tg.cancel_scope.cancel()
else:
await stream.aclose()
finally:
event.set()
asynclib = get_asynclib()
local_address: IPSockAddrType | None = None
family = socket.AF_UNSPEC
if local_host:
gai_res = await getaddrinfo(str(local_host), None)
family, *_, local_address = gai_res[0]
target_host = str(remote_host)
try:
addr_obj = ip_address(remote_host)
except ValueError:
# getaddrinfo() will raise an exception if name resolution fails
gai_res = await getaddrinfo(
target_host, remote_port, family=family, type=socket.SOCK_STREAM
)
# Organize the list so that the first address is an IPv6 address (if available) and the
# second one is an IPv4 addresses. The rest can be in whatever order.
v6_found = v4_found = False
target_addrs: list[tuple[socket.AddressFamily, str]] = []
for af, *rest, sa in gai_res:
if af == socket.AF_INET6 and not v6_found:
v6_found = True
target_addrs.insert(0, (af, sa[0]))
elif af == socket.AF_INET and not v4_found and v6_found:
v4_found = True
target_addrs.insert(1, (af, sa[0]))
else:
target_addrs.append((af, sa[0]))
else:
if isinstance(addr_obj, IPv6Address):
target_addrs = [(socket.AF_INET6, addr_obj.compressed)]
else:
target_addrs = [(socket.AF_INET, addr_obj.compressed)]
oserrors: list[OSError] = []
async with create_task_group() as tg:
for i, (af, addr) in enumerate(target_addrs):
event = Event()
tg.start_soon(try_connect, addr, event)
with move_on_after(happy_eyeballs_delay):
await event.wait()
if connected_stream is None:
cause = oserrors[0] if len(oserrors) == 1 else asynclib.ExceptionGroup(oserrors)
raise OSError("All connection attempts failed") from cause
if tls or tls_hostname or ssl_context:
try:
return await TLSStream.wrap(
connected_stream,
server_side=False,
hostname=tls_hostname or str(remote_host),
ssl_context=ssl_context,
standard_compatible=tls_standard_compatible,
)
except BaseException:
await aclose_forcefully(connected_stream)
raise
return connected_stream
async def connect_unix(path: str | PathLike[str]) -> UNIXSocketStream:
"""
Connect to the given UNIX socket.
Not available on Windows.
:param path: path to the socket
:return: a socket stream object
"""
path = str(Path(path))
return await get_asynclib().connect_unix(path)
async def create_tcp_listener(
*,
local_host: IPAddressType | None = None,
local_port: int = 0,
family: AnyIPAddressFamily = socket.AddressFamily.AF_UNSPEC,
backlog: int = 65536,
reuse_port: bool = False,
) -> MultiListener[SocketStream]:
"""
Create a TCP socket listener.
:param local_port: port number to listen on
:param local_host: IP address of the interface to listen on. If omitted, listen on
all IPv4 and IPv6 interfaces. To listen on all interfaces on a specific address
family, use ``0.0.0.0`` for IPv4 or ``::`` for IPv6.
:param family: address family (used if ``local_host`` was omitted)
:param backlog: maximum number of queued incoming connections (up to a maximum of
2**16, or 65536)
:param reuse_port: ``True`` to allow multiple sockets to bind to the same
address/port (not supported on Windows)
:return: a list of listener objects
"""
asynclib = get_asynclib()
backlog = min(backlog, 65536)
local_host = str(local_host) if local_host is not None else None
gai_res = await getaddrinfo(
local_host, # type: ignore[arg-type]
local_port,
family=family,
type=socket.SocketKind.SOCK_STREAM if sys.platform == "win32" else 0,
flags=socket.AI_PASSIVE | socket.AI_ADDRCONFIG,
)
listeners: list[SocketListener] = []
try:
# The set() is here to work around a glibc bug:
# https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=14969
sockaddr: tuple[str, int] | tuple[str, int, int, int]
for fam, kind, *_, sockaddr in sorted(set(gai_res)):
# Workaround for an uvloop bug where we don't get the correct scope ID for
# IPv6 link-local addresses when passing type=socket.SOCK_STREAM to
# getaddrinfo(): https://github.com/MagicStack/uvloop/issues/539
if sys.platform != "win32" and kind is not SocketKind.SOCK_STREAM:
continue
raw_socket = socket.socket(fam)
raw_socket.setblocking(False)
# For Windows, enable exclusive address use. For others, enable address reuse.
if sys.platform == "win32":
raw_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_EXCLUSIVEADDRUSE, 1)
else:
raw_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
if reuse_port:
raw_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEPORT, 1)
# If only IPv6 was requested, disable dual stack operation
if fam == socket.AF_INET6:
raw_socket.setsockopt(IPPROTO_IPV6, socket.IPV6_V6ONLY, 1)
# Workaround for #554
if "%" in sockaddr[0]:
addr, scope_id = sockaddr[0].split("%", 1)
sockaddr = (addr, sockaddr[1], 0, int(scope_id))
raw_socket.bind(sockaddr)
raw_socket.listen(backlog)
listener = asynclib.TCPSocketListener(raw_socket)
listeners.append(listener)
except BaseException:
for listener in listeners:
await listener.aclose()
raise
return MultiListener(listeners)
async def create_unix_listener(
path: str | PathLike[str],
*,
mode: int | None = None,
backlog: int = 65536,
) -> SocketListener:
"""
Create a UNIX socket listener.
Not available on Windows.
:param path: path of the socket
:param mode: permissions to set on the socket
:param backlog: maximum number of queued incoming connections (up to a maximum of 2**16, or
65536)
:return: a listener object
.. versionchanged:: 3.0
If a socket already exists on the file system in the given path, it will be removed first.
"""
path_str = str(path)
path = Path(path)
if path.is_socket():
path.unlink()
backlog = min(backlog, 65536)
raw_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX)
raw_socket.setblocking(False)
try:
await to_thread.run_sync(raw_socket.bind, path_str, cancellable=True)
if mode is not None:
await to_thread.run_sync(chmod, path_str, mode, cancellable=True)
raw_socket.listen(backlog)
return get_asynclib().UNIXSocketListener(raw_socket)
except BaseException:
raw_socket.close()
raise
async def create_udp_socket(
family: AnyIPAddressFamily = AddressFamily.AF_UNSPEC,
*,
local_host: IPAddressType | None = None,
local_port: int = 0,
reuse_port: bool = False,
) -> UDPSocket:
"""
Create a UDP socket.
If ``local_port`` has been given, the socket will be bound to this port on the local
machine, making this socket suitable for providing UDP based services.
:param family: address family (``AF_INET`` or ``AF_INET6``) automatically determined from
``local_host`` if omitted
:param local_host: IP address or host name of the local interface to bind to
:param local_port: local port to bind to
:param reuse_port: ``True`` to allow multiple sockets to bind to the same address/port
(not supported on Windows)
:return: a UDP socket
"""
if family is AddressFamily.AF_UNSPEC and not local_host:
raise ValueError('Either "family" or "local_host" must be given')
if local_host:
gai_res = await getaddrinfo(
str(local_host),
local_port,
family=family,
type=socket.SOCK_DGRAM,
flags=socket.AI_PASSIVE | socket.AI_ADDRCONFIG,
)
family = cast(AnyIPAddressFamily, gai_res[0][0])
local_address = gai_res[0][-1]
elif family is AddressFamily.AF_INET6:
local_address = ("::", 0)
else:
local_address = ("0.0.0.0", 0)
return await get_asynclib().create_udp_socket(
family, local_address, None, reuse_port
)
async def create_connected_udp_socket(
remote_host: IPAddressType,
remote_port: int,
*,
family: AnyIPAddressFamily = AddressFamily.AF_UNSPEC,
local_host: IPAddressType | None = None,
local_port: int = 0,
reuse_port: bool = False,
) -> ConnectedUDPSocket:
"""
Create a connected UDP socket.
Connected UDP sockets can only communicate with the specified remote host/port, and any packets
sent from other sources are dropped.
:param remote_host: remote host to set as the default target
:param remote_port: port on the remote host to set as the default target
:param family: address family (``AF_INET`` or ``AF_INET6``) automatically determined from
``local_host`` or ``remote_host`` if omitted
:param local_host: IP address or host name of the local interface to bind to
:param local_port: local port to bind to
:param reuse_port: ``True`` to allow multiple sockets to bind to the same address/port
(not supported on Windows)
:return: a connected UDP socket
"""
local_address = None
if local_host:
gai_res = await getaddrinfo(
str(local_host),
local_port,
family=family,
type=socket.SOCK_DGRAM,
flags=socket.AI_PASSIVE | socket.AI_ADDRCONFIG,
)
family = cast(AnyIPAddressFamily, gai_res[0][0])
local_address = gai_res[0][-1]
gai_res = await getaddrinfo(
str(remote_host), remote_port, family=family, type=socket.SOCK_DGRAM
)
family = cast(AnyIPAddressFamily, gai_res[0][0])
remote_address = gai_res[0][-1]
return await get_asynclib().create_udp_socket(
family, local_address, remote_address, reuse_port
)
async def getaddrinfo(
host: bytearray | bytes | str,
port: str | int | None,
*,
family: int | AddressFamily = 0,
type: int | SocketKind = 0,
proto: int = 0,
flags: int = 0,
) -> GetAddrInfoReturnType:
"""
Look up a numeric IP address given a host name.
Internationalized domain names are translated according to the (non-transitional) IDNA 2008
standard.
.. note:: 4-tuple IPv6 socket addresses are automatically converted to 2-tuples of
(host, port), unlike what :func:`socket.getaddrinfo` does.
:param host: host name
:param port: port number
:param family: socket family (`'AF_INET``, ...)
:param type: socket type (``SOCK_STREAM``, ...)
:param proto: protocol number
:param flags: flags to pass to upstream ``getaddrinfo()``
:return: list of tuples containing (family, type, proto, canonname, sockaddr)
.. seealso:: :func:`socket.getaddrinfo`
"""
# Handle unicode hostnames
if isinstance(host, str):
try:
encoded_host = host.encode("ascii")
except UnicodeEncodeError:
import idna
encoded_host = idna.encode(host, uts46=True)
else:
encoded_host = host
gai_res = await get_asynclib().getaddrinfo(
encoded_host, port, family=family, type=type, proto=proto, flags=flags
)
return [
(family, type, proto, canonname, convert_ipv6_sockaddr(sockaddr))
for family, type, proto, canonname, sockaddr in gai_res
]
def getnameinfo(sockaddr: IPSockAddrType, flags: int = 0) -> Awaitable[tuple[str, str]]:
"""
Look up the host name of an IP address.
:param sockaddr: socket address (e.g. (ipaddress, port) for IPv4)
:param flags: flags to pass to upstream ``getnameinfo()``
:return: a tuple of (host name, service name)
.. seealso:: :func:`socket.getnameinfo`
"""
return get_asynclib().getnameinfo(sockaddr, flags)
def wait_socket_readable(sock: socket.socket) -> Awaitable[None]:
"""
Wait until the given socket has data to be read.
This does **NOT** work on Windows when using the asyncio backend with a proactor event loop
(default on py3.8+).
.. warning:: Only use this on raw sockets that have not been wrapped by any higher level
constructs like socket streams!
:param sock: a socket object
:raises ~anyio.ClosedResourceError: if the socket was closed while waiting for the
socket to become readable
:raises ~anyio.BusyResourceError: if another task is already waiting for the socket
to become readable
"""
return get_asynclib().wait_socket_readable(sock)
def wait_socket_writable(sock: socket.socket) -> Awaitable[None]:
"""
Wait until the given socket can be written to.
This does **NOT** work on Windows when using the asyncio backend with a proactor event loop
(default on py3.8+).
.. warning:: Only use this on raw sockets that have not been wrapped by any higher level
constructs like socket streams!
:param sock: a socket object
:raises ~anyio.ClosedResourceError: if the socket was closed while waiting for the
socket to become writable
:raises ~anyio.BusyResourceError: if another task is already waiting for the socket
to become writable
"""
return get_asynclib().wait_socket_writable(sock)
#
# Private API
#
def convert_ipv6_sockaddr(
sockaddr: tuple[str, int, int, int] | tuple[str, int]
) -> tuple[str, int]:
"""
Convert a 4-tuple IPv6 socket address to a 2-tuple (address, port) format.
If the scope ID is nonzero, it is added to the address, separated with ``%``.
Otherwise the flow id and scope id are simply cut off from the tuple.
Any other kinds of socket addresses are returned as-is.
:param sockaddr: the result of :meth:`~socket.socket.getsockname`
:return: the converted socket address
"""
# This is more complicated than it should be because of MyPy
if isinstance(sockaddr, tuple) and len(sockaddr) == 4:
host, port, flowinfo, scope_id = cast(Tuple[str, int, int, int], sockaddr)
if scope_id:
# PyPy (as of v7.3.11) leaves the interface name in the result, so
# we discard it and only get the scope ID from the end
# (https://foss.heptapod.net/pypy/pypy/-/issues/3938)
host = host.split("%")[0]
# Add scope_id to the address
return f"{host}%{scope_id}", port
else:
return host, port
else:
return cast(Tuple[str, int], sockaddr)

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from __future__ import annotations
import math
from typing import Any, TypeVar, overload
from ..streams.memory import (
MemoryObjectReceiveStream,
MemoryObjectSendStream,
MemoryObjectStreamState,
)
T_Item = TypeVar("T_Item")
@overload
def create_memory_object_stream(
max_buffer_size: float = ...,
) -> tuple[MemoryObjectSendStream[Any], MemoryObjectReceiveStream[Any]]:
...
@overload
def create_memory_object_stream(
max_buffer_size: float = ..., item_type: type[T_Item] = ...
) -> tuple[MemoryObjectSendStream[T_Item], MemoryObjectReceiveStream[T_Item]]:
...
def create_memory_object_stream(
max_buffer_size: float = 0, item_type: type[T_Item] | None = None
) -> tuple[MemoryObjectSendStream[Any], MemoryObjectReceiveStream[Any]]:
"""
Create a memory object stream.
:param max_buffer_size: number of items held in the buffer until ``send()`` starts blocking
:param item_type: type of item, for marking the streams with the right generic type for
static typing (not used at run time)
:return: a tuple of (send stream, receive stream)
"""
if max_buffer_size != math.inf and not isinstance(max_buffer_size, int):
raise ValueError("max_buffer_size must be either an integer or math.inf")
if max_buffer_size < 0:
raise ValueError("max_buffer_size cannot be negative")
state: MemoryObjectStreamState = MemoryObjectStreamState(max_buffer_size)
return MemoryObjectSendStream(state), MemoryObjectReceiveStream(state)

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from __future__ import annotations
from io import BytesIO
from os import PathLike
from subprocess import DEVNULL, PIPE, CalledProcessError, CompletedProcess
from typing import (
IO,
Any,
AsyncIterable,
Mapping,
Sequence,
cast,
)
from ..abc import Process
from ._eventloop import get_asynclib
from ._tasks import create_task_group
async def run_process(
command: str | bytes | Sequence[str | bytes],
*,
input: bytes | None = None,
stdout: int | IO[Any] | None = PIPE,
stderr: int | IO[Any] | None = PIPE,
check: bool = True,
cwd: str | bytes | PathLike[str] | None = None,
env: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
start_new_session: bool = False,
) -> CompletedProcess[bytes]:
"""
Run an external command in a subprocess and wait until it completes.
.. seealso:: :func:`subprocess.run`
:param command: either a string to pass to the shell, or an iterable of strings containing the
executable name or path and its arguments
:param input: bytes passed to the standard input of the subprocess
:param stdout: either :data:`subprocess.PIPE` or :data:`subprocess.DEVNULL`
:param stderr: one of :data:`subprocess.PIPE`, :data:`subprocess.DEVNULL` or
:data:`subprocess.STDOUT`
:param check: if ``True``, raise :exc:`~subprocess.CalledProcessError` if the process
terminates with a return code other than 0
:param cwd: If not ``None``, change the working directory to this before running the command
:param env: if not ``None``, this mapping replaces the inherited environment variables from the
parent process
:param start_new_session: if ``true`` the setsid() system call will be made in the child
process prior to the execution of the subprocess. (POSIX only)
:return: an object representing the completed process
:raises ~subprocess.CalledProcessError: if ``check`` is ``True`` and the process exits with a
nonzero return code
"""
async def drain_stream(stream: AsyncIterable[bytes], index: int) -> None:
buffer = BytesIO()
async for chunk in stream:
buffer.write(chunk)
stream_contents[index] = buffer.getvalue()
async with await open_process(
command,
stdin=PIPE if input else DEVNULL,
stdout=stdout,
stderr=stderr,
cwd=cwd,
env=env,
start_new_session=start_new_session,
) as process:
stream_contents: list[bytes | None] = [None, None]
try:
async with create_task_group() as tg:
if process.stdout:
tg.start_soon(drain_stream, process.stdout, 0)
if process.stderr:
tg.start_soon(drain_stream, process.stderr, 1)
if process.stdin and input:
await process.stdin.send(input)
await process.stdin.aclose()
await process.wait()
except BaseException:
process.kill()
raise
output, errors = stream_contents
if check and process.returncode != 0:
raise CalledProcessError(cast(int, process.returncode), command, output, errors)
return CompletedProcess(command, cast(int, process.returncode), output, errors)
async def open_process(
command: str | bytes | Sequence[str | bytes],
*,
stdin: int | IO[Any] | None = PIPE,
stdout: int | IO[Any] | None = PIPE,
stderr: int | IO[Any] | None = PIPE,
cwd: str | bytes | PathLike[str] | None = None,
env: Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
start_new_session: bool = False,
) -> Process:
"""
Start an external command in a subprocess.
.. seealso:: :class:`subprocess.Popen`
:param command: either a string to pass to the shell, or an iterable of strings containing the
executable name or path and its arguments
:param stdin: one of :data:`subprocess.PIPE`, :data:`subprocess.DEVNULL`, a
file-like object, or ``None``
:param stdout: one of :data:`subprocess.PIPE`, :data:`subprocess.DEVNULL`,
a file-like object, or ``None``
:param stderr: one of :data:`subprocess.PIPE`, :data:`subprocess.DEVNULL`,
:data:`subprocess.STDOUT`, a file-like object, or ``None``
:param cwd: If not ``None``, the working directory is changed before executing
:param env: If env is not ``None``, it must be a mapping that defines the environment
variables for the new process
:param start_new_session: if ``true`` the setsid() system call will be made in the child
process prior to the execution of the subprocess. (POSIX only)
:return: an asynchronous process object
"""
shell = isinstance(command, str)
return await get_asynclib().open_process(
command,
shell=shell,
stdin=stdin,
stdout=stdout,
stderr=stderr,
cwd=cwd,
env=env,
start_new_session=start_new_session,
)

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from __future__ import annotations
from collections import deque
from dataclasses import dataclass
from types import TracebackType
from warnings import warn
from ..lowlevel import cancel_shielded_checkpoint, checkpoint, checkpoint_if_cancelled
from ._compat import DeprecatedAwaitable
from ._eventloop import get_asynclib
from ._exceptions import BusyResourceError, WouldBlock
from ._tasks import CancelScope
from ._testing import TaskInfo, get_current_task
@dataclass(frozen=True)
class EventStatistics:
"""
:ivar int tasks_waiting: number of tasks waiting on :meth:`~.Event.wait`
"""
tasks_waiting: int
@dataclass(frozen=True)
class CapacityLimiterStatistics:
"""
:ivar int borrowed_tokens: number of tokens currently borrowed by tasks
:ivar float total_tokens: total number of available tokens
:ivar tuple borrowers: tasks or other objects currently holding tokens borrowed from this
limiter
:ivar int tasks_waiting: number of tasks waiting on :meth:`~.CapacityLimiter.acquire` or
:meth:`~.CapacityLimiter.acquire_on_behalf_of`
"""
borrowed_tokens: int
total_tokens: float
borrowers: tuple[object, ...]
tasks_waiting: int
@dataclass(frozen=True)
class LockStatistics:
"""
:ivar bool locked: flag indicating if this lock is locked or not
:ivar ~anyio.TaskInfo owner: task currently holding the lock (or ``None`` if the lock is not
held by any task)
:ivar int tasks_waiting: number of tasks waiting on :meth:`~.Lock.acquire`
"""
locked: bool
owner: TaskInfo | None
tasks_waiting: int
@dataclass(frozen=True)
class ConditionStatistics:
"""
:ivar int tasks_waiting: number of tasks blocked on :meth:`~.Condition.wait`
:ivar ~anyio.LockStatistics lock_statistics: statistics of the underlying :class:`~.Lock`
"""
tasks_waiting: int
lock_statistics: LockStatistics
@dataclass(frozen=True)
class SemaphoreStatistics:
"""
:ivar int tasks_waiting: number of tasks waiting on :meth:`~.Semaphore.acquire`
"""
tasks_waiting: int
class Event:
def __new__(cls) -> Event:
return get_asynclib().Event()
def set(self) -> DeprecatedAwaitable:
"""Set the flag, notifying all listeners."""
raise NotImplementedError
def is_set(self) -> bool:
"""Return ``True`` if the flag is set, ``False`` if not."""
raise NotImplementedError
async def wait(self) -> None:
"""
Wait until the flag has been set.
If the flag has already been set when this method is called, it returns immediately.
"""
raise NotImplementedError
def statistics(self) -> EventStatistics:
"""Return statistics about the current state of this event."""
raise NotImplementedError
class Lock:
_owner_task: TaskInfo | None = None
def __init__(self) -> None:
self._waiters: deque[tuple[TaskInfo, Event]] = deque()
async def __aenter__(self) -> None:
await self.acquire()
async def __aexit__(
self,
exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
exc_val: BaseException | None,
exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
) -> None:
self.release()
async def acquire(self) -> None:
"""Acquire the lock."""
await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
try:
self.acquire_nowait()
except WouldBlock:
task = get_current_task()
event = Event()
token = task, event
self._waiters.append(token)
try:
await event.wait()
except BaseException:
if not event.is_set():
self._waiters.remove(token)
elif self._owner_task == task:
self.release()
raise
assert self._owner_task == task
else:
try:
await cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
except BaseException:
self.release()
raise
def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
"""
Acquire the lock, without blocking.
:raises ~anyio.WouldBlock: if the operation would block
"""
task = get_current_task()
if self._owner_task == task:
raise RuntimeError("Attempted to acquire an already held Lock")
if self._owner_task is not None:
raise WouldBlock
self._owner_task = task
def release(self) -> DeprecatedAwaitable:
"""Release the lock."""
if self._owner_task != get_current_task():
raise RuntimeError("The current task is not holding this lock")
if self._waiters:
self._owner_task, event = self._waiters.popleft()
event.set()
else:
del self._owner_task
return DeprecatedAwaitable(self.release)
def locked(self) -> bool:
"""Return True if the lock is currently held."""
return self._owner_task is not None
def statistics(self) -> LockStatistics:
"""
Return statistics about the current state of this lock.
.. versionadded:: 3.0
"""
return LockStatistics(self.locked(), self._owner_task, len(self._waiters))
class Condition:
_owner_task: TaskInfo | None = None
def __init__(self, lock: Lock | None = None):
self._lock = lock or Lock()
self._waiters: deque[Event] = deque()
async def __aenter__(self) -> None:
await self.acquire()
async def __aexit__(
self,
exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
exc_val: BaseException | None,
exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
) -> None:
self.release()
def _check_acquired(self) -> None:
if self._owner_task != get_current_task():
raise RuntimeError("The current task is not holding the underlying lock")
async def acquire(self) -> None:
"""Acquire the underlying lock."""
await self._lock.acquire()
self._owner_task = get_current_task()
def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
"""
Acquire the underlying lock, without blocking.
:raises ~anyio.WouldBlock: if the operation would block
"""
self._lock.acquire_nowait()
self._owner_task = get_current_task()
def release(self) -> DeprecatedAwaitable:
"""Release the underlying lock."""
self._lock.release()
return DeprecatedAwaitable(self.release)
def locked(self) -> bool:
"""Return True if the lock is set."""
return self._lock.locked()
def notify(self, n: int = 1) -> None:
"""Notify exactly n listeners."""
self._check_acquired()
for _ in range(n):
try:
event = self._waiters.popleft()
except IndexError:
break
event.set()
def notify_all(self) -> None:
"""Notify all the listeners."""
self._check_acquired()
for event in self._waiters:
event.set()
self._waiters.clear()
async def wait(self) -> None:
"""Wait for a notification."""
await checkpoint()
event = Event()
self._waiters.append(event)
self.release()
try:
await event.wait()
except BaseException:
if not event.is_set():
self._waiters.remove(event)
raise
finally:
with CancelScope(shield=True):
await self.acquire()
def statistics(self) -> ConditionStatistics:
"""
Return statistics about the current state of this condition.
.. versionadded:: 3.0
"""
return ConditionStatistics(len(self._waiters), self._lock.statistics())
class Semaphore:
def __init__(self, initial_value: int, *, max_value: int | None = None):
if not isinstance(initial_value, int):
raise TypeError("initial_value must be an integer")
if initial_value < 0:
raise ValueError("initial_value must be >= 0")
if max_value is not None:
if not isinstance(max_value, int):
raise TypeError("max_value must be an integer or None")
if max_value < initial_value:
raise ValueError(
"max_value must be equal to or higher than initial_value"
)
self._value = initial_value
self._max_value = max_value
self._waiters: deque[Event] = deque()
async def __aenter__(self) -> Semaphore:
await self.acquire()
return self
async def __aexit__(
self,
exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
exc_val: BaseException | None,
exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
) -> None:
self.release()
async def acquire(self) -> None:
"""Decrement the semaphore value, blocking if necessary."""
await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
try:
self.acquire_nowait()
except WouldBlock:
event = Event()
self._waiters.append(event)
try:
await event.wait()
except BaseException:
if not event.is_set():
self._waiters.remove(event)
else:
self.release()
raise
else:
try:
await cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
except BaseException:
self.release()
raise
def acquire_nowait(self) -> None:
"""
Acquire the underlying lock, without blocking.
:raises ~anyio.WouldBlock: if the operation would block
"""
if self._value == 0:
raise WouldBlock
self._value -= 1
def release(self) -> DeprecatedAwaitable:
"""Increment the semaphore value."""
if self._max_value is not None and self._value == self._max_value:
raise ValueError("semaphore released too many times")
if self._waiters:
self._waiters.popleft().set()
else:
self._value += 1
return DeprecatedAwaitable(self.release)
@property
def value(self) -> int:
"""The current value of the semaphore."""
return self._value
@property
def max_value(self) -> int | None:
"""The maximum value of the semaphore."""
return self._max_value
def statistics(self) -> SemaphoreStatistics:
"""
Return statistics about the current state of this semaphore.
.. versionadded:: 3.0
"""
return SemaphoreStatistics(len(self._waiters))
class CapacityLimiter:
def __new__(cls, total_tokens: float) -> CapacityLimiter:
return get_asynclib().CapacityLimiter(total_tokens)
async def __aenter__(self) -> None:
raise NotImplementedError
async def __aexit__(
self,
exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
exc_val: BaseException | None,
exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
) -> bool | None:
raise NotImplementedError
@property
def total_tokens(self) -> float:
"""
The total number of tokens available for borrowing.
This is a read-write property. If the total number of tokens is increased, the
proportionate number of tasks waiting on this limiter will be granted their tokens.
.. versionchanged:: 3.0
The property is now writable.
"""
raise NotImplementedError
@total_tokens.setter
def total_tokens(self, value: float) -> None:
raise NotImplementedError
async def set_total_tokens(self, value: float) -> None:
warn(
"CapacityLimiter.set_total_tokens has been deprecated. Set the value of the"
'"total_tokens" attribute directly.',
DeprecationWarning,
)
self.total_tokens = value
@property
def borrowed_tokens(self) -> int:
"""The number of tokens that have currently been borrowed."""
raise NotImplementedError
@property
def available_tokens(self) -> float:
"""The number of tokens currently available to be borrowed"""
raise NotImplementedError
def acquire_nowait(self) -> DeprecatedAwaitable:
"""
Acquire a token for the current task without waiting for one to become available.
:raises ~anyio.WouldBlock: if there are no tokens available for borrowing
"""
raise NotImplementedError
def acquire_on_behalf_of_nowait(self, borrower: object) -> DeprecatedAwaitable:
"""
Acquire a token without waiting for one to become available.
:param borrower: the entity borrowing a token
:raises ~anyio.WouldBlock: if there are no tokens available for borrowing
"""
raise NotImplementedError
async def acquire(self) -> None:
"""
Acquire a token for the current task, waiting if necessary for one to become available.
"""
raise NotImplementedError
async def acquire_on_behalf_of(self, borrower: object) -> None:
"""
Acquire a token, waiting if necessary for one to become available.
:param borrower: the entity borrowing a token
"""
raise NotImplementedError
def release(self) -> None:
"""
Release the token held by the current task.
:raises RuntimeError: if the current task has not borrowed a token from this limiter.
"""
raise NotImplementedError
def release_on_behalf_of(self, borrower: object) -> None:
"""
Release the token held by the given borrower.
:raises RuntimeError: if the borrower has not borrowed a token from this limiter.
"""
raise NotImplementedError
def statistics(self) -> CapacityLimiterStatistics:
"""
Return statistics about the current state of this limiter.
.. versionadded:: 3.0
"""
raise NotImplementedError
def create_lock() -> Lock:
"""
Create an asynchronous lock.
:return: a lock object
.. deprecated:: 3.0
Use :class:`~Lock` directly.
"""
warn("create_lock() is deprecated -- use Lock() directly", DeprecationWarning)
return Lock()
def create_condition(lock: Lock | None = None) -> Condition:
"""
Create an asynchronous condition.
:param lock: the lock to base the condition object on
:return: a condition object
.. deprecated:: 3.0
Use :class:`~Condition` directly.
"""
warn(
"create_condition() is deprecated -- use Condition() directly",
DeprecationWarning,
)
return Condition(lock=lock)
def create_event() -> Event:
"""
Create an asynchronous event object.
:return: an event object
.. deprecated:: 3.0
Use :class:`~Event` directly.
"""
warn("create_event() is deprecated -- use Event() directly", DeprecationWarning)
return get_asynclib().Event()
def create_semaphore(value: int, *, max_value: int | None = None) -> Semaphore:
"""
Create an asynchronous semaphore.
:param value: the semaphore's initial value
:param max_value: if set, makes this a "bounded" semaphore that raises :exc:`ValueError` if the
semaphore's value would exceed this number
:return: a semaphore object
.. deprecated:: 3.0
Use :class:`~Semaphore` directly.
"""
warn(
"create_semaphore() is deprecated -- use Semaphore() directly",
DeprecationWarning,
)
return Semaphore(value, max_value=max_value)
def create_capacity_limiter(total_tokens: float) -> CapacityLimiter:
"""
Create a capacity limiter.
:param total_tokens: the total number of tokens available for borrowing (can be an integer or
:data:`math.inf`)
:return: a capacity limiter object
.. deprecated:: 3.0
Use :class:`~CapacityLimiter` directly.
"""
warn(
"create_capacity_limiter() is deprecated -- use CapacityLimiter() directly",
DeprecationWarning,
)
return get_asynclib().CapacityLimiter(total_tokens)
class ResourceGuard:
__slots__ = "action", "_guarded"
def __init__(self, action: str):
self.action = action
self._guarded = False
def __enter__(self) -> None:
if self._guarded:
raise BusyResourceError(self.action)
self._guarded = True
def __exit__(
self,
exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
exc_val: BaseException | None,
exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
) -> bool | None:
self._guarded = False
return None

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from __future__ import annotations
import math
from types import TracebackType
from warnings import warn
from ..abc._tasks import TaskGroup, TaskStatus
from ._compat import (
DeprecatedAsyncContextManager,
DeprecatedAwaitable,
DeprecatedAwaitableFloat,
)
from ._eventloop import get_asynclib
class _IgnoredTaskStatus(TaskStatus[object]):
def started(self, value: object = None) -> None:
pass
TASK_STATUS_IGNORED = _IgnoredTaskStatus()
class CancelScope(DeprecatedAsyncContextManager["CancelScope"]):
"""
Wraps a unit of work that can be made separately cancellable.
:param deadline: The time (clock value) when this scope is cancelled automatically
:param shield: ``True`` to shield the cancel scope from external cancellation
"""
def __new__(
cls, *, deadline: float = math.inf, shield: bool = False
) -> CancelScope:
return get_asynclib().CancelScope(shield=shield, deadline=deadline)
def cancel(self) -> DeprecatedAwaitable:
"""Cancel this scope immediately."""
raise NotImplementedError
@property
def deadline(self) -> float:
"""
The time (clock value) when this scope is cancelled automatically.
Will be ``float('inf')`` if no timeout has been set.
"""
raise NotImplementedError
@deadline.setter
def deadline(self, value: float) -> None:
raise NotImplementedError
@property
def cancel_called(self) -> bool:
"""``True`` if :meth:`cancel` has been called."""
raise NotImplementedError
@property
def shield(self) -> bool:
"""
``True`` if this scope is shielded from external cancellation.
While a scope is shielded, it will not receive cancellations from outside.
"""
raise NotImplementedError
@shield.setter
def shield(self, value: bool) -> None:
raise NotImplementedError
def __enter__(self) -> CancelScope:
raise NotImplementedError
def __exit__(
self,
exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
exc_val: BaseException | None,
exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
) -> bool | None:
raise NotImplementedError
def open_cancel_scope(*, shield: bool = False) -> CancelScope:
"""
Open a cancel scope.
:param shield: ``True`` to shield the cancel scope from external cancellation
:return: a cancel scope
.. deprecated:: 3.0
Use :class:`~CancelScope` directly.
"""
warn(
"open_cancel_scope() is deprecated -- use CancelScope() directly",
DeprecationWarning,
)
return get_asynclib().CancelScope(shield=shield)
class FailAfterContextManager(DeprecatedAsyncContextManager[CancelScope]):
def __init__(self, cancel_scope: CancelScope):
self._cancel_scope = cancel_scope
def __enter__(self) -> CancelScope:
return self._cancel_scope.__enter__()
def __exit__(
self,
exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
exc_val: BaseException | None,
exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
) -> bool | None:
retval = self._cancel_scope.__exit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb)
if self._cancel_scope.cancel_called:
raise TimeoutError
return retval
def fail_after(delay: float | None, shield: bool = False) -> FailAfterContextManager:
"""
Create a context manager which raises a :class:`TimeoutError` if does not finish in time.
:param delay: maximum allowed time (in seconds) before raising the exception, or ``None`` to
disable the timeout
:param shield: ``True`` to shield the cancel scope from external cancellation
:return: a context manager that yields a cancel scope
:rtype: :class:`~typing.ContextManager`\\[:class:`~anyio.CancelScope`\\]
"""
deadline = (
(get_asynclib().current_time() + delay) if delay is not None else math.inf
)
cancel_scope = get_asynclib().CancelScope(deadline=deadline, shield=shield)
return FailAfterContextManager(cancel_scope)
def move_on_after(delay: float | None, shield: bool = False) -> CancelScope:
"""
Create a cancel scope with a deadline that expires after the given delay.
:param delay: maximum allowed time (in seconds) before exiting the context block, or ``None``
to disable the timeout
:param shield: ``True`` to shield the cancel scope from external cancellation
:return: a cancel scope
"""
deadline = (
(get_asynclib().current_time() + delay) if delay is not None else math.inf
)
return get_asynclib().CancelScope(deadline=deadline, shield=shield)
def current_effective_deadline() -> DeprecatedAwaitableFloat:
"""
Return the nearest deadline among all the cancel scopes effective for the current task.
:return: a clock value from the event loop's internal clock (or ``float('inf')`` if
there is no deadline in effect, or ``float('-inf')`` if the current scope has
been cancelled)
:rtype: float
"""
return DeprecatedAwaitableFloat(
get_asynclib().current_effective_deadline(), current_effective_deadline
)
def create_task_group() -> TaskGroup:
"""
Create a task group.
:return: a task group
"""
return get_asynclib().TaskGroup()

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from __future__ import annotations
from typing import Any, Awaitable, Generator
from ._compat import DeprecatedAwaitableList, _warn_deprecation
from ._eventloop import get_asynclib
class TaskInfo:
"""
Represents an asynchronous task.
:ivar int id: the unique identifier of the task
:ivar parent_id: the identifier of the parent task, if any
:vartype parent_id: Optional[int]
:ivar str name: the description of the task (if any)
:ivar ~collections.abc.Coroutine coro: the coroutine object of the task
"""
__slots__ = "_name", "id", "parent_id", "name", "coro"
def __init__(
self,
id: int,
parent_id: int | None,
name: str | None,
coro: Generator[Any, Any, Any] | Awaitable[Any],
):
func = get_current_task
self._name = f"{func.__module__}.{func.__qualname__}"
self.id: int = id
self.parent_id: int | None = parent_id
self.name: str | None = name
self.coro: Generator[Any, Any, Any] | Awaitable[Any] = coro
def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
if isinstance(other, TaskInfo):
return self.id == other.id
return NotImplemented
def __hash__(self) -> int:
return hash(self.id)
def __repr__(self) -> str:
return f"{self.__class__.__name__}(id={self.id!r}, name={self.name!r})"
def __await__(self) -> Generator[None, None, TaskInfo]:
_warn_deprecation(self)
if False:
yield
return self
def _unwrap(self) -> TaskInfo:
return self
def get_current_task() -> TaskInfo:
"""
Return the current task.
:return: a representation of the current task
"""
return get_asynclib().get_current_task()
def get_running_tasks() -> DeprecatedAwaitableList[TaskInfo]:
"""
Return a list of running tasks in the current event loop.
:return: a list of task info objects
"""
tasks = get_asynclib().get_running_tasks()
return DeprecatedAwaitableList(tasks, func=get_running_tasks)
async def wait_all_tasks_blocked() -> None:
"""Wait until all other tasks are waiting for something."""
await get_asynclib().wait_all_tasks_blocked()

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from __future__ import annotations
import sys
from typing import Any, Callable, Mapping, TypeVar, overload
from ._exceptions import TypedAttributeLookupError
if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
from typing import final
else:
from typing_extensions import final
T_Attr = TypeVar("T_Attr")
T_Default = TypeVar("T_Default")
undefined = object()
def typed_attribute() -> Any:
"""Return a unique object, used to mark typed attributes."""
return object()
class TypedAttributeSet:
"""
Superclass for typed attribute collections.
Checks that every public attribute of every subclass has a type annotation.
"""
def __init_subclass__(cls) -> None:
annotations: dict[str, Any] = getattr(cls, "__annotations__", {})
for attrname in dir(cls):
if not attrname.startswith("_") and attrname not in annotations:
raise TypeError(
f"Attribute {attrname!r} is missing its type annotation"
)
super().__init_subclass__()
class TypedAttributeProvider:
"""Base class for classes that wish to provide typed extra attributes."""
@property
def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[T_Attr, Callable[[], T_Attr]]:
"""
A mapping of the extra attributes to callables that return the corresponding values.
If the provider wraps another provider, the attributes from that wrapper should also be
included in the returned mapping (but the wrapper may override the callables from the
wrapped instance).
"""
return {}
@overload
def extra(self, attribute: T_Attr) -> T_Attr:
...
@overload
def extra(self, attribute: T_Attr, default: T_Default) -> T_Attr | T_Default:
...
@final
def extra(self, attribute: Any, default: object = undefined) -> object:
"""
extra(attribute, default=undefined)
Return the value of the given typed extra attribute.
:param attribute: the attribute (member of a :class:`~TypedAttributeSet`) to look for
:param default: the value that should be returned if no value is found for the attribute
:raises ~anyio.TypedAttributeLookupError: if the search failed and no default value was
given
"""
try:
return self.extra_attributes[attribute]()
except KeyError:
if default is undefined:
raise TypedAttributeLookupError("Attribute not found") from None
else:
return default

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from __future__ import annotations
__all__ = (
"AsyncResource",
"IPAddressType",
"IPSockAddrType",
"SocketAttribute",
"SocketStream",
"SocketListener",
"UDPSocket",
"UNIXSocketStream",
"UDPPacketType",
"ConnectedUDPSocket",
"UnreliableObjectReceiveStream",
"UnreliableObjectSendStream",
"UnreliableObjectStream",
"ObjectReceiveStream",
"ObjectSendStream",
"ObjectStream",
"ByteReceiveStream",
"ByteSendStream",
"ByteStream",
"AnyUnreliableByteReceiveStream",
"AnyUnreliableByteSendStream",
"AnyUnreliableByteStream",
"AnyByteReceiveStream",
"AnyByteSendStream",
"AnyByteStream",
"Listener",
"Process",
"Event",
"Condition",
"Lock",
"Semaphore",
"CapacityLimiter",
"CancelScope",
"TaskGroup",
"TaskStatus",
"TestRunner",
"BlockingPortal",
)
from typing import Any
from ._resources import AsyncResource
from ._sockets import (
ConnectedUDPSocket,
IPAddressType,
IPSockAddrType,
SocketAttribute,
SocketListener,
SocketStream,
UDPPacketType,
UDPSocket,
UNIXSocketStream,
)
from ._streams import (
AnyByteReceiveStream,
AnyByteSendStream,
AnyByteStream,
AnyUnreliableByteReceiveStream,
AnyUnreliableByteSendStream,
AnyUnreliableByteStream,
ByteReceiveStream,
ByteSendStream,
ByteStream,
Listener,
ObjectReceiveStream,
ObjectSendStream,
ObjectStream,
UnreliableObjectReceiveStream,
UnreliableObjectSendStream,
UnreliableObjectStream,
)
from ._subprocesses import Process
from ._tasks import TaskGroup, TaskStatus
from ._testing import TestRunner
# Re-exported here, for backwards compatibility
# isort: off
from .._core._synchronization import CapacityLimiter, Condition, Event, Lock, Semaphore
from .._core._tasks import CancelScope
from ..from_thread import BlockingPortal
# Re-export imports so they look like they live directly in this package
key: str
value: Any
for key, value in list(locals().items()):
if getattr(value, "__module__", "").startswith("anyio.abc."):
value.__module__ = __name__

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from __future__ import annotations
from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
from types import TracebackType
from typing import TypeVar
T = TypeVar("T")
class AsyncResource(metaclass=ABCMeta):
"""
Abstract base class for all closeable asynchronous resources.
Works as an asynchronous context manager which returns the instance itself on enter, and calls
:meth:`aclose` on exit.
"""
async def __aenter__(self: T) -> T:
return self
async def __aexit__(
self,
exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
exc_val: BaseException | None,
exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
) -> None:
await self.aclose()
@abstractmethod
async def aclose(self) -> None:
"""Close the resource."""

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from __future__ import annotations
import socket
from abc import abstractmethod
from contextlib import AsyncExitStack
from io import IOBase
from ipaddress import IPv4Address, IPv6Address
from socket import AddressFamily
from typing import (
Any,
Callable,
Collection,
Mapping,
Tuple,
TypeVar,
Union,
)
from .._core._tasks import create_task_group
from .._core._typedattr import (
TypedAttributeProvider,
TypedAttributeSet,
typed_attribute,
)
from ._streams import ByteStream, Listener, UnreliableObjectStream
from ._tasks import TaskGroup
IPAddressType = Union[str, IPv4Address, IPv6Address]
IPSockAddrType = Tuple[str, int]
SockAddrType = Union[IPSockAddrType, str]
UDPPacketType = Tuple[bytes, IPSockAddrType]
T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval")
class SocketAttribute(TypedAttributeSet):
#: the address family of the underlying socket
family: AddressFamily = typed_attribute()
#: the local socket address of the underlying socket
local_address: SockAddrType = typed_attribute()
#: for IP addresses, the local port the underlying socket is bound to
local_port: int = typed_attribute()
#: the underlying stdlib socket object
raw_socket: socket.socket = typed_attribute()
#: the remote address the underlying socket is connected to
remote_address: SockAddrType = typed_attribute()
#: for IP addresses, the remote port the underlying socket is connected to
remote_port: int = typed_attribute()
class _SocketProvider(TypedAttributeProvider):
@property
def extra_attributes(self) -> Mapping[Any, Callable[[], Any]]:
from .._core._sockets import convert_ipv6_sockaddr as convert
attributes: dict[Any, Callable[[], Any]] = {
SocketAttribute.family: lambda: self._raw_socket.family,
SocketAttribute.local_address: lambda: convert(
self._raw_socket.getsockname()
),
SocketAttribute.raw_socket: lambda: self._raw_socket,
}
try:
peername: tuple[str, int] | None = convert(self._raw_socket.getpeername())
except OSError:
peername = None
# Provide the remote address for connected sockets
if peername is not None:
attributes[SocketAttribute.remote_address] = lambda: peername
# Provide local and remote ports for IP based sockets
if self._raw_socket.family in (AddressFamily.AF_INET, AddressFamily.AF_INET6):
attributes[
SocketAttribute.local_port
] = lambda: self._raw_socket.getsockname()[1]
if peername is not None:
remote_port = peername[1]
attributes[SocketAttribute.remote_port] = lambda: remote_port
return attributes
@property
@abstractmethod
def _raw_socket(self) -> socket.socket:
pass
class SocketStream(ByteStream, _SocketProvider):
"""
Transports bytes over a socket.
Supports all relevant extra attributes from :class:`~SocketAttribute`.
"""
class UNIXSocketStream(SocketStream):
@abstractmethod
async def send_fds(self, message: bytes, fds: Collection[int | IOBase]) -> None:
"""
Send file descriptors along with a message to the peer.
:param message: a non-empty bytestring
:param fds: a collection of files (either numeric file descriptors or open file or socket
objects)
"""
@abstractmethod
async def receive_fds(self, msglen: int, maxfds: int) -> tuple[bytes, list[int]]:
"""
Receive file descriptors along with a message from the peer.
:param msglen: length of the message to expect from the peer
:param maxfds: maximum number of file descriptors to expect from the peer
:return: a tuple of (message, file descriptors)
"""
class SocketListener(Listener[SocketStream], _SocketProvider):
"""
Listens to incoming socket connections.
Supports all relevant extra attributes from :class:`~SocketAttribute`.
"""
@abstractmethod
async def accept(self) -> SocketStream:
"""Accept an incoming connection."""
async def serve(
self,
handler: Callable[[SocketStream], Any],
task_group: TaskGroup | None = None,
) -> None:
async with AsyncExitStack() as exit_stack:
if task_group is None:
task_group = await exit_stack.enter_async_context(create_task_group())
while True:
stream = await self.accept()
task_group.start_soon(handler, stream)
class UDPSocket(UnreliableObjectStream[UDPPacketType], _SocketProvider):
"""
Represents an unconnected UDP socket.
Supports all relevant extra attributes from :class:`~SocketAttribute`.
"""
async def sendto(self, data: bytes, host: str, port: int) -> None:
"""Alias for :meth:`~.UnreliableObjectSendStream.send` ((data, (host, port)))."""
return await self.send((data, (host, port)))
class ConnectedUDPSocket(UnreliableObjectStream[bytes], _SocketProvider):
"""
Represents an connected UDP socket.
Supports all relevant extra attributes from :class:`~SocketAttribute`.
"""

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from __future__ import annotations
from abc import abstractmethod
from typing import Any, Callable, Generic, TypeVar, Union
from .._core._exceptions import EndOfStream
from .._core._typedattr import TypedAttributeProvider
from ._resources import AsyncResource
from ._tasks import TaskGroup
T_Item = TypeVar("T_Item")
T_co = TypeVar("T_co", covariant=True)
T_contra = TypeVar("T_contra", contravariant=True)
class UnreliableObjectReceiveStream(
Generic[T_co], AsyncResource, TypedAttributeProvider
):
"""
An interface for receiving objects.
This interface makes no guarantees that the received messages arrive in the order in which they
were sent, or that no messages are missed.
Asynchronously iterating over objects of this type will yield objects matching the given type
parameter.
"""
def __aiter__(self) -> UnreliableObjectReceiveStream[T_co]:
return self
async def __anext__(self) -> T_co:
try:
return await self.receive()
except EndOfStream:
raise StopAsyncIteration
@abstractmethod
async def receive(self) -> T_co:
"""
Receive the next item.
:raises ~anyio.ClosedResourceError: if the receive stream has been explicitly
closed
:raises ~anyio.EndOfStream: if this stream has been closed from the other end
:raises ~anyio.BrokenResourceError: if this stream has been rendered unusable
due to external causes
"""
class UnreliableObjectSendStream(
Generic[T_contra], AsyncResource, TypedAttributeProvider
):
"""
An interface for sending objects.
This interface makes no guarantees that the messages sent will reach the recipient(s) in the
same order in which they were sent, or at all.
"""
@abstractmethod
async def send(self, item: T_contra) -> None:
"""
Send an item to the peer(s).
:param item: the item to send
:raises ~anyio.ClosedResourceError: if the send stream has been explicitly
closed
:raises ~anyio.BrokenResourceError: if this stream has been rendered unusable
due to external causes
"""
class UnreliableObjectStream(
UnreliableObjectReceiveStream[T_Item], UnreliableObjectSendStream[T_Item]
):
"""
A bidirectional message stream which does not guarantee the order or reliability of message
delivery.
"""
class ObjectReceiveStream(UnreliableObjectReceiveStream[T_co]):
"""
A receive message stream which guarantees that messages are received in the same order in
which they were sent, and that no messages are missed.
"""
class ObjectSendStream(UnreliableObjectSendStream[T_contra]):
"""
A send message stream which guarantees that messages are delivered in the same order in which
they were sent, without missing any messages in the middle.
"""
class ObjectStream(
ObjectReceiveStream[T_Item],
ObjectSendStream[T_Item],
UnreliableObjectStream[T_Item],
):
"""
A bidirectional message stream which guarantees the order and reliability of message delivery.
"""
@abstractmethod
async def send_eof(self) -> None:
"""
Send an end-of-file indication to the peer.
You should not try to send any further data to this stream after calling this method.
This method is idempotent (does nothing on successive calls).
"""
class ByteReceiveStream(AsyncResource, TypedAttributeProvider):
"""
An interface for receiving bytes from a single peer.
Iterating this byte stream will yield a byte string of arbitrary length, but no more than
65536 bytes.
"""
def __aiter__(self) -> ByteReceiveStream:
return self
async def __anext__(self) -> bytes:
try:
return await self.receive()
except EndOfStream:
raise StopAsyncIteration
@abstractmethod
async def receive(self, max_bytes: int = 65536) -> bytes:
"""
Receive at most ``max_bytes`` bytes from the peer.
.. note:: Implementors of this interface should not return an empty :class:`bytes` object,
and users should ignore them.
:param max_bytes: maximum number of bytes to receive
:return: the received bytes
:raises ~anyio.EndOfStream: if this stream has been closed from the other end
"""
class ByteSendStream(AsyncResource, TypedAttributeProvider):
"""An interface for sending bytes to a single peer."""
@abstractmethod
async def send(self, item: bytes) -> None:
"""
Send the given bytes to the peer.
:param item: the bytes to send
"""
class ByteStream(ByteReceiveStream, ByteSendStream):
"""A bidirectional byte stream."""
@abstractmethod
async def send_eof(self) -> None:
"""
Send an end-of-file indication to the peer.
You should not try to send any further data to this stream after calling this method.
This method is idempotent (does nothing on successive calls).
"""
#: Type alias for all unreliable bytes-oriented receive streams.
AnyUnreliableByteReceiveStream = Union[
UnreliableObjectReceiveStream[bytes], ByteReceiveStream
]
#: Type alias for all unreliable bytes-oriented send streams.
AnyUnreliableByteSendStream = Union[UnreliableObjectSendStream[bytes], ByteSendStream]
#: Type alias for all unreliable bytes-oriented streams.
AnyUnreliableByteStream = Union[UnreliableObjectStream[bytes], ByteStream]
#: Type alias for all bytes-oriented receive streams.
AnyByteReceiveStream = Union[ObjectReceiveStream[bytes], ByteReceiveStream]
#: Type alias for all bytes-oriented send streams.
AnyByteSendStream = Union[ObjectSendStream[bytes], ByteSendStream]
#: Type alias for all bytes-oriented streams.
AnyByteStream = Union[ObjectStream[bytes], ByteStream]
class Listener(Generic[T_co], AsyncResource, TypedAttributeProvider):
"""An interface for objects that let you accept incoming connections."""
@abstractmethod
async def serve(
self,
handler: Callable[[T_co], Any],
task_group: TaskGroup | None = None,
) -> None:
"""
Accept incoming connections as they come in and start tasks to handle them.
:param handler: a callable that will be used to handle each accepted connection
:param task_group: the task group that will be used to start tasks for handling each
accepted connection (if omitted, an ad-hoc task group will be created)
"""

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from __future__ import annotations
from abc import abstractmethod
from signal import Signals
from ._resources import AsyncResource
from ._streams import ByteReceiveStream, ByteSendStream
class Process(AsyncResource):
"""An asynchronous version of :class:`subprocess.Popen`."""
@abstractmethod
async def wait(self) -> int:
"""
Wait until the process exits.
:return: the exit code of the process
"""
@abstractmethod
def terminate(self) -> None:
"""
Terminates the process, gracefully if possible.
On Windows, this calls ``TerminateProcess()``.
On POSIX systems, this sends ``SIGTERM`` to the process.
.. seealso:: :meth:`subprocess.Popen.terminate`
"""
@abstractmethod
def kill(self) -> None:
"""
Kills the process.
On Windows, this calls ``TerminateProcess()``.
On POSIX systems, this sends ``SIGKILL`` to the process.
.. seealso:: :meth:`subprocess.Popen.kill`
"""
@abstractmethod
def send_signal(self, signal: Signals) -> None:
"""
Send a signal to the subprocess.
.. seealso:: :meth:`subprocess.Popen.send_signal`
:param signal: the signal number (e.g. :data:`signal.SIGHUP`)
"""
@property
@abstractmethod
def pid(self) -> int:
"""The process ID of the process."""
@property
@abstractmethod
def returncode(self) -> int | None:
"""
The return code of the process. If the process has not yet terminated, this will be
``None``.
"""
@property
@abstractmethod
def stdin(self) -> ByteSendStream | None:
"""The stream for the standard input of the process."""
@property
@abstractmethod
def stdout(self) -> ByteReceiveStream | None:
"""The stream for the standard output of the process."""
@property
@abstractmethod
def stderr(self) -> ByteReceiveStream | None:
"""The stream for the standard error output of the process."""

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from __future__ import annotations
import sys
from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
from types import TracebackType
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Awaitable, Callable, TypeVar, overload
from warnings import warn
if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
from typing import Protocol
else:
from typing_extensions import Protocol
if TYPE_CHECKING:
from anyio._core._tasks import CancelScope
T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval")
T_contra = TypeVar("T_contra", contravariant=True)
class TaskStatus(Protocol[T_contra]):
@overload
def started(self: TaskStatus[None]) -> None:
...
@overload
def started(self, value: T_contra) -> None:
...
def started(self, value: T_contra | None = None) -> None:
"""
Signal that the task has started.
:param value: object passed back to the starter of the task
"""
class TaskGroup(metaclass=ABCMeta):
"""
Groups several asynchronous tasks together.
:ivar cancel_scope: the cancel scope inherited by all child tasks
:vartype cancel_scope: CancelScope
"""
cancel_scope: CancelScope
async def spawn(
self,
func: Callable[..., Awaitable[Any]],
*args: object,
name: object = None,
) -> None:
"""
Start a new task in this task group.
:param func: a coroutine function
:param args: positional arguments to call the function with
:param name: name of the task, for the purposes of introspection and debugging
.. deprecated:: 3.0
Use :meth:`start_soon` instead. If your code needs AnyIO 2 compatibility, you
can keep using this until AnyIO 4.
"""
warn(
'spawn() is deprecated -- use start_soon() (without the "await") instead',
DeprecationWarning,
)
self.start_soon(func, *args, name=name)
@abstractmethod
def start_soon(
self,
func: Callable[..., Awaitable[Any]],
*args: object,
name: object = None,
) -> None:
"""
Start a new task in this task group.
:param func: a coroutine function
:param args: positional arguments to call the function with
:param name: name of the task, for the purposes of introspection and debugging
.. versionadded:: 3.0
"""
@abstractmethod
async def start(
self,
func: Callable[..., Awaitable[Any]],
*args: object,
name: object = None,
) -> Any:
"""
Start a new task and wait until it signals for readiness.
:param func: a coroutine function
:param args: positional arguments to call the function with
:param name: name of the task, for the purposes of introspection and debugging
:return: the value passed to ``task_status.started()``
:raises RuntimeError: if the task finishes without calling ``task_status.started()``
.. versionadded:: 3.0
"""
@abstractmethod
async def __aenter__(self) -> TaskGroup:
"""Enter the task group context and allow starting new tasks."""
@abstractmethod
async def __aexit__(
self,
exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
exc_val: BaseException | None,
exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
) -> bool | None:
"""Exit the task group context waiting for all tasks to finish."""

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from __future__ import annotations
import types
from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator, Iterable
from typing import Any, Callable, Coroutine, TypeVar
_T = TypeVar("_T")
class TestRunner(metaclass=ABCMeta):
"""
Encapsulates a running event loop. Every call made through this object will use the same event
loop.
"""
def __enter__(self) -> TestRunner:
return self
def __exit__(
self,
exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
exc_val: BaseException | None,
exc_tb: types.TracebackType | None,
) -> bool | None:
self.close()
return None
@abstractmethod
def close(self) -> None:
"""Close the event loop."""
@abstractmethod
def run_asyncgen_fixture(
self,
fixture_func: Callable[..., AsyncGenerator[_T, Any]],
kwargs: dict[str, Any],
) -> Iterable[_T]:
"""
Run an async generator fixture.
:param fixture_func: the fixture function
:param kwargs: keyword arguments to call the fixture function with
:return: an iterator yielding the value yielded from the async generator
"""
@abstractmethod
def run_fixture(
self,
fixture_func: Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, _T]],
kwargs: dict[str, Any],
) -> _T:
"""
Run an async fixture.
:param fixture_func: the fixture function
:param kwargs: keyword arguments to call the fixture function with
:return: the return value of the fixture function
"""
@abstractmethod
def run_test(
self, test_func: Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, Any]], kwargs: dict[str, Any]
) -> None:
"""
Run an async test function.
:param test_func: the test function
:param kwargs: keyword arguments to call the test function with
"""

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@ -0,0 +1,500 @@
from __future__ import annotations
import threading
from asyncio import iscoroutine
from concurrent.futures import FIRST_COMPLETED, Future, ThreadPoolExecutor, wait
from contextlib import AbstractContextManager, contextmanager
from types import TracebackType
from typing import (
Any,
AsyncContextManager,
Awaitable,
Callable,
ContextManager,
Generator,
Generic,
Iterable,
TypeVar,
cast,
overload,
)
from warnings import warn
from ._core import _eventloop
from ._core._eventloop import get_asynclib, get_cancelled_exc_class, threadlocals
from ._core._synchronization import Event
from ._core._tasks import CancelScope, create_task_group
from .abc._tasks import TaskStatus
T_Retval = TypeVar("T_Retval")
T_co = TypeVar("T_co")
def run(func: Callable[..., Awaitable[T_Retval]], *args: object) -> T_Retval:
"""
Call a coroutine function from a worker thread.
:param func: a coroutine function
:param args: positional arguments for the callable
:return: the return value of the coroutine function
"""
try:
asynclib = threadlocals.current_async_module
except AttributeError:
raise RuntimeError("This function can only be run from an AnyIO worker thread")
return asynclib.run_async_from_thread(func, *args)
def run_async_from_thread(
func: Callable[..., Awaitable[T_Retval]], *args: object
) -> T_Retval:
warn(
"run_async_from_thread() has been deprecated, use anyio.from_thread.run() instead",
DeprecationWarning,
)
return run(func, *args)
def run_sync(func: Callable[..., T_Retval], *args: object) -> T_Retval:
"""
Call a function in the event loop thread from a worker thread.
:param func: a callable
:param args: positional arguments for the callable
:return: the return value of the callable
"""
try:
asynclib = threadlocals.current_async_module
except AttributeError:
raise RuntimeError("This function can only be run from an AnyIO worker thread")
return asynclib.run_sync_from_thread(func, *args)
def run_sync_from_thread(func: Callable[..., T_Retval], *args: object) -> T_Retval:
warn(
"run_sync_from_thread() has been deprecated, use anyio.from_thread.run_sync() instead",
DeprecationWarning,
)
return run_sync(func, *args)
class _BlockingAsyncContextManager(Generic[T_co], AbstractContextManager):
_enter_future: Future
_exit_future: Future
_exit_event: Event
_exit_exc_info: tuple[
type[BaseException] | None, BaseException | None, TracebackType | None
] = (None, None, None)
def __init__(self, async_cm: AsyncContextManager[T_co], portal: BlockingPortal):
self._async_cm = async_cm
self._portal = portal
async def run_async_cm(self) -> bool | None:
try:
self._exit_event = Event()
value = await self._async_cm.__aenter__()
except BaseException as exc:
self._enter_future.set_exception(exc)
raise
else:
self._enter_future.set_result(value)
try:
# Wait for the sync context manager to exit.
# This next statement can raise `get_cancelled_exc_class()` if
# something went wrong in a task group in this async context
# manager.
await self._exit_event.wait()
finally:
# In case of cancellation, it could be that we end up here before
# `_BlockingAsyncContextManager.__exit__` is called, and an
# `_exit_exc_info` has been set.
result = await self._async_cm.__aexit__(*self._exit_exc_info)
return result
def __enter__(self) -> T_co:
self._enter_future = Future()
self._exit_future = self._portal.start_task_soon(self.run_async_cm)
cm = self._enter_future.result()
return cast(T_co, cm)
def __exit__(
self,
__exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
__exc_value: BaseException | None,
__traceback: TracebackType | None,
) -> bool | None:
self._exit_exc_info = __exc_type, __exc_value, __traceback
self._portal.call(self._exit_event.set)
return self._exit_future.result()
class _BlockingPortalTaskStatus(TaskStatus):
def __init__(self, future: Future):
self._future = future
def started(self, value: object = None) -> None:
self._future.set_result(value)
class BlockingPortal:
"""An object that lets external threads run code in an asynchronous event loop."""
def __new__(cls) -> BlockingPortal:
return get_asynclib().BlockingPortal()
def __init__(self) -> None:
self._event_loop_thread_id: int | None = threading.get_ident()
self._stop_event = Event()
self._task_group = create_task_group()
self._cancelled_exc_class = get_cancelled_exc_class()
async def __aenter__(self) -> BlockingPortal:
await self._task_group.__aenter__()
return self
async def __aexit__(
self,
exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
exc_val: BaseException | None,
exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
) -> bool | None:
await self.stop()
return await self._task_group.__aexit__(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb)
def _check_running(self) -> None:
if self._event_loop_thread_id is None:
raise RuntimeError("This portal is not running")
if self._event_loop_thread_id == threading.get_ident():
raise RuntimeError(
"This method cannot be called from the event loop thread"
)
async def sleep_until_stopped(self) -> None:
"""Sleep until :meth:`stop` is called."""
await self._stop_event.wait()
async def stop(self, cancel_remaining: bool = False) -> None:
"""
Signal the portal to shut down.
This marks the portal as no longer accepting new calls and exits from
:meth:`sleep_until_stopped`.
:param cancel_remaining: ``True`` to cancel all the remaining tasks, ``False`` to let them
finish before returning
"""
self._event_loop_thread_id = None
self._stop_event.set()
if cancel_remaining:
self._task_group.cancel_scope.cancel()
async def _call_func(
self, func: Callable, args: tuple, kwargs: dict[str, Any], future: Future
) -> None:
def callback(f: Future) -> None:
if f.cancelled() and self._event_loop_thread_id not in (
None,
threading.get_ident(),
):
self.call(scope.cancel)
try:
retval = func(*args, **kwargs)
if iscoroutine(retval):
with CancelScope() as scope:
if future.cancelled():
scope.cancel()
else:
future.add_done_callback(callback)
retval = await retval
except self._cancelled_exc_class:
future.cancel()
except BaseException as exc:
if not future.cancelled():
future.set_exception(exc)
# Let base exceptions fall through
if not isinstance(exc, Exception):
raise
else:
if not future.cancelled():
future.set_result(retval)
finally:
scope = None # type: ignore[assignment]
def _spawn_task_from_thread(
self,
func: Callable,
args: tuple,
kwargs: dict[str, Any],
name: object,
future: Future,
) -> None:
"""
Spawn a new task using the given callable.
Implementors must ensure that the future is resolved when the task finishes.
:param func: a callable
:param args: positional arguments to be passed to the callable
:param kwargs: keyword arguments to be passed to the callable
:param name: name of the task (will be coerced to a string if not ``None``)
:param future: a future that will resolve to the return value of the callable, or the
exception raised during its execution
"""
raise NotImplementedError
@overload
def call(self, func: Callable[..., Awaitable[T_Retval]], *args: object) -> T_Retval:
...
@overload
def call(self, func: Callable[..., T_Retval], *args: object) -> T_Retval:
...
def call(
self, func: Callable[..., Awaitable[T_Retval] | T_Retval], *args: object
) -> T_Retval:
"""
Call the given function in the event loop thread.
If the callable returns a coroutine object, it is awaited on.
:param func: any callable
:raises RuntimeError: if the portal is not running or if this method is called from within
the event loop thread
"""
return cast(T_Retval, self.start_task_soon(func, *args).result())
@overload
def spawn_task(
self,
func: Callable[..., Awaitable[T_Retval]],
*args: object,
name: object = None,
) -> Future[T_Retval]:
...
@overload
def spawn_task(
self, func: Callable[..., T_Retval], *args: object, name: object = None
) -> Future[T_Retval]:
...
def spawn_task(
self,
func: Callable[..., Awaitable[T_Retval] | T_Retval],
*args: object,
name: object = None,
) -> Future[T_Retval]:
"""
Start a task in the portal's task group.
:param func: the target coroutine function
:param args: positional arguments passed to ``func``
:param name: name of the task (will be coerced to a string if not ``None``)
:return: a future that resolves with the return value of the callable if the task completes
successfully, or with the exception raised in the task
:raises RuntimeError: if the portal is not running or if this method is called from within
the event loop thread
.. versionadded:: 2.1
.. deprecated:: 3.0
Use :meth:`start_task_soon` instead. If your code needs AnyIO 2 compatibility, you
can keep using this until AnyIO 4.
"""
warn(
"spawn_task() is deprecated -- use start_task_soon() instead",
DeprecationWarning,
)
return self.start_task_soon(func, *args, name=name) # type: ignore[arg-type]
@overload
def start_task_soon(
self,
func: Callable[..., Awaitable[T_Retval]],
*args: object,
name: object = None,
) -> Future[T_Retval]:
...
@overload
def start_task_soon(
self, func: Callable[..., T_Retval], *args: object, name: object = None
) -> Future[T_Retval]:
...
def start_task_soon(
self,
func: Callable[..., Awaitable[T_Retval] | T_Retval],
*args: object,
name: object = None,
) -> Future[T_Retval]:
"""
Start a task in the portal's task group.
The task will be run inside a cancel scope which can be cancelled by cancelling the
returned future.
:param func: the target function
:param args: positional arguments passed to ``func``
:param name: name of the task (will be coerced to a string if not ``None``)
:return: a future that resolves with the return value of the callable if the
task completes successfully, or with the exception raised in the task
:raises RuntimeError: if the portal is not running or if this method is called
from within the event loop thread
:rtype: concurrent.futures.Future[T_Retval]
.. versionadded:: 3.0
"""
self._check_running()
f: Future = Future()
self._spawn_task_from_thread(func, args, {}, name, f)
return f
def start_task(
self, func: Callable[..., Awaitable[Any]], *args: object, name: object = None
) -> tuple[Future[Any], Any]:
"""
Start a task in the portal's task group and wait until it signals for readiness.
This method works the same way as :meth:`.abc.TaskGroup.start`.
:param func: the target function
:param args: positional arguments passed to ``func``
:param name: name of the task (will be coerced to a string if not ``None``)
:return: a tuple of (future, task_status_value) where the ``task_status_value``
is the value passed to ``task_status.started()`` from within the target
function
:rtype: tuple[concurrent.futures.Future[Any], Any]
.. versionadded:: 3.0
"""
def task_done(future: Future) -> None:
if not task_status_future.done():
if future.cancelled():
task_status_future.cancel()
elif future.exception():
task_status_future.set_exception(future.exception())
else:
exc = RuntimeError(
"Task exited without calling task_status.started()"
)
task_status_future.set_exception(exc)
self._check_running()
task_status_future: Future = Future()
task_status = _BlockingPortalTaskStatus(task_status_future)
f: Future = Future()
f.add_done_callback(task_done)
self._spawn_task_from_thread(func, args, {"task_status": task_status}, name, f)
return f, task_status_future.result()
def wrap_async_context_manager(
self, cm: AsyncContextManager[T_co]
) -> ContextManager[T_co]:
"""
Wrap an async context manager as a synchronous context manager via this portal.
Spawns a task that will call both ``__aenter__()`` and ``__aexit__()``, stopping in the
middle until the synchronous context manager exits.
:param cm: an asynchronous context manager
:return: a synchronous context manager
.. versionadded:: 2.1
"""
return _BlockingAsyncContextManager(cm, self)
def create_blocking_portal() -> BlockingPortal:
"""
Create a portal for running functions in the event loop thread from external threads.
Use this function in asynchronous code when you need to allow external threads access to the
event loop where your asynchronous code is currently running.
.. deprecated:: 3.0
Use :class:`.BlockingPortal` directly.
"""
warn(
"create_blocking_portal() has been deprecated -- use anyio.from_thread.BlockingPortal() "
"directly",
DeprecationWarning,
)
return BlockingPortal()
@contextmanager
def start_blocking_portal(
backend: str = "asyncio", backend_options: dict[str, Any] | None = None
) -> Generator[BlockingPortal, Any, None]:
"""
Start a new event loop in a new thread and run a blocking portal in its main task.
The parameters are the same as for :func:`~anyio.run`.
:param backend: name of the backend
:param backend_options: backend options
:return: a context manager that yields a blocking portal
.. versionchanged:: 3.0
Usage as a context manager is now required.
"""
async def run_portal() -> None:
async with BlockingPortal() as portal_:
if future.set_running_or_notify_cancel():
future.set_result(portal_)
await portal_.sleep_until_stopped()
future: Future[BlockingPortal] = Future()
with ThreadPoolExecutor(1) as executor:
run_future = executor.submit(
_eventloop.run,
run_portal, # type: ignore[arg-type]
backend=backend,
backend_options=backend_options,
)
try:
wait(
cast(Iterable[Future], [run_future, future]),
return_when=FIRST_COMPLETED,
)
except BaseException:
future.cancel()
run_future.cancel()
raise
if future.done():
portal = future.result()
cancel_remaining_tasks = False
try:
yield portal
except BaseException:
cancel_remaining_tasks = True
raise
finally:
try:
portal.call(portal.stop, cancel_remaining_tasks)
except RuntimeError:
pass
run_future.result()

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@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
from __future__ import annotations
import enum
import sys
from dataclasses import dataclass
from typing import Any, Generic, TypeVar, overload
from weakref import WeakKeyDictionary
from ._core._eventloop import get_asynclib
if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
from typing import Literal
else:
from typing_extensions import Literal
T = TypeVar("T")
D = TypeVar("D")
async def checkpoint() -> None:
"""
Check for cancellation and allow the scheduler to switch to another task.
Equivalent to (but more efficient than)::
await checkpoint_if_cancelled()
await cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
.. versionadded:: 3.0
"""
await get_asynclib().checkpoint()
async def checkpoint_if_cancelled() -> None:
"""
Enter a checkpoint if the enclosing cancel scope has been cancelled.
This does not allow the scheduler to switch to a different task.
.. versionadded:: 3.0
"""
await get_asynclib().checkpoint_if_cancelled()
async def cancel_shielded_checkpoint() -> None:
"""
Allow the scheduler to switch to another task but without checking for cancellation.
Equivalent to (but potentially more efficient than)::
with CancelScope(shield=True):
await checkpoint()
.. versionadded:: 3.0
"""
await get_asynclib().cancel_shielded_checkpoint()
def current_token() -> object:
"""Return a backend specific token object that can be used to get back to the event loop."""
return get_asynclib().current_token()
_run_vars: WeakKeyDictionary[Any, dict[str, Any]] = WeakKeyDictionary()
_token_wrappers: dict[Any, _TokenWrapper] = {}
@dataclass(frozen=True)
class _TokenWrapper:
__slots__ = "_token", "__weakref__"
_token: object
class _NoValueSet(enum.Enum):
NO_VALUE_SET = enum.auto()
class RunvarToken(Generic[T]):
__slots__ = "_var", "_value", "_redeemed"
def __init__(self, var: RunVar[T], value: T | Literal[_NoValueSet.NO_VALUE_SET]):
self._var = var
self._value: T | Literal[_NoValueSet.NO_VALUE_SET] = value
self._redeemed = False
class RunVar(Generic[T]):
"""
Like a :class:`~contextvars.ContextVar`, except scoped to the running event loop.
"""
__slots__ = "_name", "_default"
NO_VALUE_SET: Literal[_NoValueSet.NO_VALUE_SET] = _NoValueSet.NO_VALUE_SET
_token_wrappers: set[_TokenWrapper] = set()
def __init__(
self,
name: str,
default: T | Literal[_NoValueSet.NO_VALUE_SET] = NO_VALUE_SET,
):
self._name = name
self._default = default
@property
def _current_vars(self) -> dict[str, T]:
token = current_token()
while True:
try:
return _run_vars[token]
except TypeError:
# Happens when token isn't weak referable (TrioToken).
# This workaround does mean that some memory will leak on Trio until the problem
# is fixed on their end.
token = _TokenWrapper(token)
self._token_wrappers.add(token)
except KeyError:
run_vars = _run_vars[token] = {}
return run_vars
@overload
def get(self, default: D) -> T | D:
...
@overload
def get(self) -> T:
...
def get(
self, default: D | Literal[_NoValueSet.NO_VALUE_SET] = NO_VALUE_SET
) -> T | D:
try:
return self._current_vars[self._name]
except KeyError:
if default is not RunVar.NO_VALUE_SET:
return default
elif self._default is not RunVar.NO_VALUE_SET:
return self._default
raise LookupError(
f'Run variable "{self._name}" has no value and no default set'
)
def set(self, value: T) -> RunvarToken[T]:
current_vars = self._current_vars
token = RunvarToken(self, current_vars.get(self._name, RunVar.NO_VALUE_SET))
current_vars[self._name] = value
return token
def reset(self, token: RunvarToken[T]) -> None:
if token._var is not self:
raise ValueError("This token does not belong to this RunVar")
if token._redeemed:
raise ValueError("This token has already been used")
if token._value is _NoValueSet.NO_VALUE_SET:
try:
del self._current_vars[self._name]
except KeyError:
pass
else:
self._current_vars[self._name] = token._value
token._redeemed = True
def __repr__(self) -> str:
return f"<RunVar name={self._name!r}>"

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@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
from __future__ import annotations
from contextlib import contextmanager
from inspect import isasyncgenfunction, iscoroutinefunction
from typing import Any, Dict, Generator, Tuple, cast
import pytest
import sniffio
from ._core._eventloop import get_all_backends, get_asynclib
from .abc import TestRunner
_current_runner: TestRunner | None = None
def extract_backend_and_options(backend: object) -> tuple[str, dict[str, Any]]:
if isinstance(backend, str):
return backend, {}
elif isinstance(backend, tuple) and len(backend) == 2:
if isinstance(backend[0], str) and isinstance(backend[1], dict):
return cast(Tuple[str, Dict[str, Any]], backend)
raise TypeError("anyio_backend must be either a string or tuple of (string, dict)")
@contextmanager
def get_runner(
backend_name: str, backend_options: dict[str, Any]
) -> Generator[TestRunner, object, None]:
global _current_runner
if _current_runner:
yield _current_runner
return
asynclib = get_asynclib(backend_name)
token = None
if sniffio.current_async_library_cvar.get(None) is None:
# Since we're in control of the event loop, we can cache the name of the async library
token = sniffio.current_async_library_cvar.set(backend_name)
try:
backend_options = backend_options or {}
with asynclib.TestRunner(**backend_options) as runner:
_current_runner = runner
yield runner
finally:
_current_runner = None
if token:
sniffio.current_async_library_cvar.reset(token)
def pytest_configure(config: Any) -> None:
config.addinivalue_line(
"markers",
"anyio: mark the (coroutine function) test to be run "
"asynchronously via anyio.",
)
def pytest_fixture_setup(fixturedef: Any, request: Any) -> None:
def wrapper(*args, anyio_backend, **kwargs): # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
backend_name, backend_options = extract_backend_and_options(anyio_backend)
if has_backend_arg:
kwargs["anyio_backend"] = anyio_backend
with get_runner(backend_name, backend_options) as runner:
if isasyncgenfunction(func):
yield from runner.run_asyncgen_fixture(func, kwargs)
else:
yield runner.run_fixture(func, kwargs)
# Only apply this to coroutine functions and async generator functions in requests that involve
# the anyio_backend fixture
func = fixturedef.func
if isasyncgenfunction(func) or iscoroutinefunction(func):
if "anyio_backend" in request.fixturenames:
has_backend_arg = "anyio_backend" in fixturedef.argnames
fixturedef.func = wrapper
if not has_backend_arg:
fixturedef.argnames += ("anyio_backend",)
@pytest.hookimpl(tryfirst=True)
def pytest_pycollect_makeitem(collector: Any, name: Any, obj: Any) -> None:
if collector.istestfunction(obj, name):
inner_func = obj.hypothesis.inner_test if hasattr(obj, "hypothesis") else obj
if iscoroutinefunction(inner_func):
marker = collector.get_closest_marker("anyio")
own_markers = getattr(obj, "pytestmark", ())
if marker or any(marker.name == "anyio" for marker in own_markers):
pytest.mark.usefixtures("anyio_backend")(obj)
@pytest.hookimpl(tryfirst=True)
def pytest_pyfunc_call(pyfuncitem: Any) -> bool | None:
def run_with_hypothesis(**kwargs: Any) -> None:
with get_runner(backend_name, backend_options) as runner:
runner.run_test(original_func, kwargs)
backend = pyfuncitem.funcargs.get("anyio_backend")
if backend:
backend_name, backend_options = extract_backend_and_options(backend)
if hasattr(pyfuncitem.obj, "hypothesis"):
# Wrap the inner test function unless it's already wrapped
original_func = pyfuncitem.obj.hypothesis.inner_test
if original_func.__qualname__ != run_with_hypothesis.__qualname__:
if iscoroutinefunction(original_func):
pyfuncitem.obj.hypothesis.inner_test = run_with_hypothesis
return None
if iscoroutinefunction(pyfuncitem.obj):
funcargs = pyfuncitem.funcargs
testargs = {arg: funcargs[arg] for arg in pyfuncitem._fixtureinfo.argnames}
with get_runner(backend_name, backend_options) as runner:
runner.run_test(pyfuncitem.obj, testargs)
return True
return None
@pytest.fixture(params=get_all_backends())
def anyio_backend(request: Any) -> Any:
return request.param
@pytest.fixture
def anyio_backend_name(anyio_backend: Any) -> str:
if isinstance(anyio_backend, str):
return anyio_backend
else:
return anyio_backend[0]
@pytest.fixture
def anyio_backend_options(anyio_backend: Any) -> dict[str, Any]:
if isinstance(anyio_backend, str):
return {}
else:
return anyio_backend[1]

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