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Metadata-Version: 2.1
Name: python-dotenv
Version: 1.0.0
Summary: Read key-value pairs from a .env file and set them as environment variables
Home-page: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv
Author: Saurabh Kumar
Author-email: me+github@saurabh-kumar.com
License: BSD-3-Clause
Keywords: environment variables,deployments,settings,env,dotenv,configurations,python
Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy
Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
Classifier: Intended Audience :: System Administrators
Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License
Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
Classifier: Topic :: System :: Systems Administration
Classifier: Topic :: Utilities
Classifier: Environment :: Web Environment
Requires-Python: >=3.8
Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
License-File: LICENSE
Provides-Extra: cli
Requires-Dist: click (>=5.0) ; extra == 'cli'
# python-dotenv
[![Build Status][build_status_badge]][build_status_link]
[![PyPI version][pypi_badge]][pypi_link]
Python-dotenv reads key-value pairs from a `.env` file and can set them as environment
variables. It helps in the development of applications following the
[12-factor](http://12factor.net/) principles.
- [Getting Started](#getting-started)
- [Other Use Cases](#other-use-cases)
* [Load configuration without altering the environment](#load-configuration-without-altering-the-environment)
* [Parse configuration as a stream](#parse-configuration-as-a-stream)
* [Load .env files in IPython](#load-env-files-in-ipython)
- [Command-line Interface](#command-line-interface)
- [File format](#file-format)
* [Multiline values](#multiline-values)
* [Variable expansion](#variable-expansion)
- [Related Projects](#related-projects)
- [Acknowledgements](#acknowledgements)
## Getting Started
```shell
pip install python-dotenv
```
If your application takes its configuration from environment variables, like a 12-factor
application, launching it in development is not very practical because you have to set
those environment variables yourself.
To help you with that, you can add Python-dotenv to your application to make it load the
configuration from a `.env` file when it is present (e.g. in development) while remaining
configurable via the environment:
```python
from dotenv import load_dotenv
load_dotenv() # take environment variables from .env.
# Code of your application, which uses environment variables (e.g. from `os.environ` or
# `os.getenv`) as if they came from the actual environment.
```
By default, `load_dotenv` doesn't override existing environment variables.
To configure the development environment, add a `.env` in the root directory of your
project:
```
.
├── .env
└── foo.py
```
The syntax of `.env` files supported by python-dotenv is similar to that of Bash:
```bash
# Development settings
DOMAIN=example.org
ADMIN_EMAIL=admin@${DOMAIN}
ROOT_URL=${DOMAIN}/app
```
If you use variables in values, ensure they are surrounded with `{` and `}`, like
`${DOMAIN}`, as bare variables such as `$DOMAIN` are not expanded.
You will probably want to add `.env` to your `.gitignore`, especially if it contains
secrets like a password.
See the section "File format" below for more information about what you can write in a
`.env` file.
## Other Use Cases
### Load configuration without altering the environment
The function `dotenv_values` works more or less the same way as `load_dotenv`, except it
doesn't touch the environment, it just returns a `dict` with the values parsed from the
`.env` file.
```python
from dotenv import dotenv_values
config = dotenv_values(".env") # config = {"USER": "foo", "EMAIL": "foo@example.org"}
```
This notably enables advanced configuration management:
```python
import os
from dotenv import dotenv_values
config = {
**dotenv_values(".env.shared"), # load shared development variables
**dotenv_values(".env.secret"), # load sensitive variables
**os.environ, # override loaded values with environment variables
}
```
### Parse configuration as a stream
`load_dotenv` and `dotenv_values` accept [streams][python_streams] via their `stream`
argument. It is thus possible to load the variables from sources other than the
filesystem (e.g. the network).
```python
from io import StringIO
from dotenv import load_dotenv
config = StringIO("USER=foo\nEMAIL=foo@example.org")
load_dotenv(stream=config)
```
### Load .env files in IPython
You can use dotenv in IPython. By default, it will use `find_dotenv` to search for a
`.env` file:
```python
%load_ext dotenv
%dotenv
```
You can also specify a path:
```python
%dotenv relative/or/absolute/path/to/.env
```
Optional flags:
- `-o` to override existing variables.
- `-v` for increased verbosity.
## Command-line Interface
A CLI interface `dotenv` is also included, which helps you manipulate the `.env` file
without manually opening it.
```shell
$ pip install "python-dotenv[cli]"
$ dotenv set USER foo
$ dotenv set EMAIL foo@example.org
$ dotenv list
USER=foo
EMAIL=foo@example.org
$ dotenv list --format=json
{
"USER": "foo",
"EMAIL": "foo@example.org"
}
$ dotenv run -- python foo.py
```
Run `dotenv --help` for more information about the options and subcommands.
## File format
The format is not formally specified and still improves over time. That being said,
`.env` files should mostly look like Bash files.
Keys can be unquoted or single-quoted. Values can be unquoted, single- or double-quoted.
Spaces before and after keys, equal signs, and values are ignored. Values can be followed
by a comment. Lines can start with the `export` directive, which does not affect their
interpretation.
Allowed escape sequences:
- in single-quoted values: `\\`, `\'`
- in double-quoted values: `\\`, `\'`, `\"`, `\a`, `\b`, `\f`, `\n`, `\r`, `\t`, `\v`
### Multiline values
It is possible for single- or double-quoted values to span multiple lines. The following
examples are equivalent:
```bash
FOO="first line
second line"
```
```bash
FOO="first line\nsecond line"
```
### Variable without a value
A variable can have no value:
```bash
FOO
```
It results in `dotenv_values` associating that variable name with the value `None` (e.g.
`{"FOO": None}`. `load_dotenv`, on the other hand, simply ignores such variables.
This shouldn't be confused with `FOO=`, in which case the variable is associated with the
empty string.
### Variable expansion
Python-dotenv can interpolate variables using POSIX variable expansion.
With `load_dotenv(override=True)` or `dotenv_values()`, the value of a variable is the
first of the values defined in the following list:
- Value of that variable in the `.env` file.
- Value of that variable in the environment.
- Default value, if provided.
- Empty string.
With `load_dotenv(override=False)`, the value of a variable is the first of the values
defined in the following list:
- Value of that variable in the environment.
- Value of that variable in the `.env` file.
- Default value, if provided.
- Empty string.
## Related Projects
- [Honcho](https://github.com/nickstenning/honcho) - For managing
Procfile-based applications.
- [django-dotenv](https://github.com/jpadilla/django-dotenv)
- [django-environ](https://github.com/joke2k/django-environ)
- [django-environ-2](https://github.com/sergeyklay/django-environ-2)
- [django-configuration](https://github.com/jezdez/django-configurations)
- [dump-env](https://github.com/sobolevn/dump-env)
- [environs](https://github.com/sloria/environs)
- [dynaconf](https://github.com/rochacbruno/dynaconf)
- [parse_it](https://github.com/naorlivne/parse_it)
- [python-decouple](https://github.com/HBNetwork/python-decouple)
## Acknowledgements
This project is currently maintained by [Saurabh Kumar](https://saurabh-kumar.com) and
[Bertrand Bonnefoy-Claudet](https://github.com/bbc2) and would not have been possible
without the support of these [awesome
people](https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/graphs/contributors).
[build_status_badge]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/actions/workflows/test.yml/badge.svg
[build_status_link]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/actions/workflows/test.yml
[pypi_badge]: https://badge.fury.io/py/python-dotenv.svg
[pypi_link]: http://badge.fury.io/py/python-dotenv
[python_streams]: https://docs.python.org/3/library/io.html
# Changelog
All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/), and this
project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.html).
## [1.0.0]
**Fixed**
* Drop support for python 3.7, add python 3.12-dev (#449 by [@theskumar])
* Handle situations where the cwd does not exist. (#446 by [@jctanner])
## [0.21.1] - 2022-01-21
**Added**
* Use Python 3.11 non-beta in CI (#438 by [@bbc2])
* Modernize variables code (#434 by [@Nougat-Waffle])
* Modernize main.py and parser.py code (#435 by [@Nougat-Waffle])
* Improve conciseness of cli.py and __init__.py (#439 by [@Nougat-Waffle])
* Improve error message for `get` and `list` commands when env file can't be opened (#441 by [@bbc2])
* Updated License to align with BSD OSI template (#433 by [@lsmith77])
**Fixed**
* Fix Out-of-scope error when "dest" variable is undefined (#413 by [@theGOTOguy])
* Fix IPython test warning about deprecated `magic` (#440 by [@bbc2])
* Fix type hint for dotenv_path var, add StrPath alias (#432 by [@eaf])
## [0.21.0] - 2022-09-03
**Added**
* CLI: add support for invocations via 'python -m'. (#395 by [@theskumar])
* `load_dotenv` function now returns `False`. (#388 by [@larsks])
* CLI: add --format= option to list command. (#407 by [@sammck])
**Fixed**
* Drop Python 3.5 and 3.6 and upgrade GA (#393 by [@eggplants])
* Use `open` instead of `io.open`. (#389 by [@rabinadk1])
* Improve documentation for variables without a value (#390 by [@bbc2])
* Add `parse_it` to Related Projects (#410 by [@naorlivne])
* Update README.md (#415 by [@harveer07])
* Improve documentation with direct use of MkDocs (#398 by [@bbc2])
## [0.20.0] - 2022-03-24
**Added**
- Add `encoding` (`Optional[str]`) parameter to `get_key`, `set_key` and `unset_key`.
(#379 by [@bbc2])
**Fixed**
- Use dict to specify the `entry_points` parameter of `setuptools.setup` (#376 by
[@mgorny]).
- Don't build universal wheels (#387 by [@bbc2]).
## [0.19.2] - 2021-11-11
**Fixed**
- In `set_key`, add missing newline character before new entry if necessary. (#361 by
[@bbc2])
## [0.19.1] - 2021-08-09
**Added**
- Add support for Python 3.10. (#359 by [@theskumar])
## [0.19.0] - 2021-07-24
**Changed**
- Require Python 3.5 or a later version. Python 2 and 3.4 are no longer supported. (#341
by [@bbc2]).
**Added**
- The `dotenv_path` argument of `set_key` and `unset_key` now has a type of `Union[str,
os.PathLike]` instead of just `os.PathLike` (#347 by [@bbc2]).
- The `stream` argument of `load_dotenv` and `dotenv_values` can now be a text stream
(`IO[str]`), which includes values like `io.StringIO("foo")` and `open("file.env",
"r")` (#348 by [@bbc2]).
## [0.18.0] - 2021-06-20
**Changed**
- Raise `ValueError` if `quote_mode` isn't one of `always`, `auto` or `never` in
`set_key` (#330 by [@bbc2]).
- When writing a value to a .env file with `set_key` or `dotenv set <key> <value>` (#330
by [@bbc2]):
- Use single quotes instead of double quotes.
- Don't strip surrounding quotes.
- In `auto` mode, don't add quotes if the value is only made of alphanumeric characters
(as determined by `string.isalnum`).
## [0.17.1] - 2021-04-29
**Fixed**
- Fixed tests for build environments relying on `PYTHONPATH` (#318 by [@befeleme]).
## [0.17.0] - 2021-04-02
**Changed**
- Make `dotenv get <key>` only show the value, not `key=value` (#313 by [@bbc2]).
**Added**
- Add `--override`/`--no-override` option to `dotenv run` (#312 by [@zueve] and [@bbc2]).
## [0.16.0] - 2021-03-27
**Changed**
- The default value of the `encoding` parameter for `load_dotenv` and `dotenv_values` is
now `"utf-8"` instead of `None` (#306 by [@bbc2]).
- Fix resolution order in variable expansion with `override=False` (#287 by [@bbc2]).
## [0.15.0] - 2020-10-28
**Added**
- Add `--export` option to `set` to make it prepend the binding with `export` (#270 by
[@jadutter]).
**Changed**
- Make `set` command create the `.env` file in the current directory if no `.env` file was
found (#270 by [@jadutter]).
**Fixed**
- Fix potentially empty expanded value for duplicate key (#260 by [@bbc2]).
- Fix import error on Python 3.5.0 and 3.5.1 (#267 by [@gongqingkui]).
- Fix parsing of unquoted values containing several adjacent space or tab characters
(#277 by [@bbc2], review by [@x-yuri]).
## [0.14.0] - 2020-07-03
**Changed**
- Privilege definition in file over the environment in variable expansion (#256 by
[@elbehery95]).
**Fixed**
- Improve error message for when file isn't found (#245 by [@snobu]).
- Use HTTPS URL in package meta data (#251 by [@ekohl]).
## [0.13.0] - 2020-04-16
**Added**
- Add support for a Bash-like default value in variable expansion (#248 by [@bbc2]).
## [0.12.0] - 2020-02-28
**Changed**
- Use current working directory to find `.env` when bundled by PyInstaller (#213 by
[@gergelyk]).
**Fixed**
- Fix escaping of quoted values written by `set_key` (#236 by [@bbc2]).
- Fix `dotenv run` crashing on environment variables without values (#237 by [@yannham]).
- Remove warning when last line is empty (#238 by [@bbc2]).
## [0.11.0] - 2020-02-07
**Added**
- Add `interpolate` argument to `load_dotenv` and `dotenv_values` to disable interpolation
(#232 by [@ulyssessouza]).
**Changed**
- Use logging instead of warnings (#231 by [@bbc2]).
**Fixed**
- Fix installation in non-UTF-8 environments (#225 by [@altendky]).
- Fix PyPI classifiers (#228 by [@bbc2]).
## [0.10.5] - 2020-01-19
**Fixed**
- Fix handling of malformed lines and lines without a value (#222 by [@bbc2]):
- Don't print warning when key has no value.
- Reject more malformed lines (e.g. "A: B", "a='b',c").
- Fix handling of lines with just a comment (#224 by [@bbc2]).
## [0.10.4] - 2020-01-17
**Added**
- Make typing optional (#179 by [@techalchemy]).
- Print a warning on malformed line (#211 by [@bbc2]).
- Support keys without a value (#220 by [@ulyssessouza]).
## 0.10.3
- Improve interactive mode detection ([@andrewsmith])([#183]).
- Refactor parser to fix parsing inconsistencies ([@bbc2])([#170]).
- Interpret escapes as control characters only in double-quoted strings.
- Interpret `#` as start of comment only if preceded by whitespace.
## 0.10.2
- Add type hints and expose them to users ([@qnighy])([#172])
- `load_dotenv` and `dotenv_values` now accept an `encoding` parameter, defaults to `None`
([@theskumar])([@earlbread])([#161])
- Fix `str`/`unicode` inconsistency in Python 2: values are always `str` now. ([@bbc2])([#121])
- Fix Unicode error in Python 2, introduced in 0.10.0. ([@bbc2])([#176])
## 0.10.1
- Fix parsing of variable without a value ([@asyncee])([@bbc2])([#158])
## 0.10.0
- Add support for UTF-8 in unquoted values ([@bbc2])([#148])
- Add support for trailing comments ([@bbc2])([#148])
- Add backslashes support in values ([@bbc2])([#148])
- Add support for newlines in values ([@bbc2])([#148])
- Force environment variables to str with Python2 on Windows ([@greyli])
- Drop Python 3.3 support ([@greyli])
- Fix stderr/-out/-in redirection ([@venthur])
## 0.9.0
- Add `--version` parameter to cli ([@venthur])
- Enable loading from current directory ([@cjauvin])
- Add 'dotenv run' command for calling arbitrary shell script with .env ([@venthur])
## 0.8.1
- Add tests for docs ([@Flimm])
- Make 'cli' support optional. Use `pip install python-dotenv[cli]`. ([@theskumar])
## 0.8.0
- `set_key` and `unset_key` only modified the affected file instead of
parsing and re-writing file, this causes comments and other file
entact as it is.
- Add support for `export` prefix in the line.
- Internal refractoring ([@theskumar])
- Allow `load_dotenv` and `dotenv_values` to work with `StringIO())` ([@alanjds])([@theskumar])([#78])
## 0.7.1
- Remove hard dependency on iPython ([@theskumar])
## 0.7.0
- Add support to override system environment variable via .env.
([@milonimrod](https://github.com/milonimrod))
([\#63](https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/63))
- Disable ".env not found" warning by default
([@maxkoryukov](https://github.com/maxkoryukov))
([\#57](https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/57))
## 0.6.5
- Add support for special characters `\`.
([@pjona](https://github.com/pjona))
([\#60](https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/60))
## 0.6.4
- Fix issue with single quotes ([@Flimm])
([\#52](https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/52))
## 0.6.3
- Handle unicode exception in setup.py
([\#46](https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/46))
## 0.6.2
- Fix dotenv list command ([@ticosax](https://github.com/ticosax))
- Add iPython Support
([@tillahoffmann](https://github.com/tillahoffmann))
## 0.6.0
- Drop support for Python 2.6
- Handle escaped characters and newlines in quoted values. (Thanks
[@iameugenejo](https://github.com/iameugenejo))
- Remove any spaces around unquoted key/value. (Thanks
[@paulochf](https://github.com/paulochf))
- Added POSIX variable expansion. (Thanks
[@hugochinchilla](https://github.com/hugochinchilla))
## 0.5.1
- Fix find\_dotenv - it now start search from the file where this
function is called from.
## 0.5.0
- Add `find_dotenv` method that will try to find a `.env` file.
(Thanks [@isms](https://github.com/isms))
## 0.4.0
- cli: Added `-q/--quote` option to control the behaviour of quotes
around values in `.env`. (Thanks
[@hugochinchilla](https://github.com/hugochinchilla)).
- Improved test coverage.
[#78]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/78
[#121]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/121
[#148]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/148
[#158]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/158
[#170]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/170
[#172]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/172
[#176]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/176
[#183]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/183
[#359]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/issues/359
[@alanjds]: https://github.com/alanjds
[@altendky]: https://github.com/altendky
[@andrewsmith]: https://github.com/andrewsmith
[@asyncee]: https://github.com/asyncee
[@bbc2]: https://github.com/bbc2
[@befeleme]: https://github.com/befeleme
[@cjauvin]: https://github.com/cjauvin
[@eaf]: https://github.com/eaf
[@earlbread]: https://github.com/earlbread
[@eggplants]: https://github.com/@eggplants
[@ekohl]: https://github.com/ekohl
[@elbehery95]: https://github.com/elbehery95
[@Flimm]: https://github.com/Flimm
[@gergelyk]: https://github.com/gergelyk
[@gongqingkui]: https://github.com/gongqingkui
[@greyli]: https://github.com/greyli
[@harveer07]: https://github.com/@harveer07
[@jadutter]: https://github.com/jadutter
[@jctanner]: https://github.com/jctanner
[@larsks]: https://github.com/@larsks
[@lsmith77]: https://github.com/lsmith77
[@mgorny]: https://github.com/mgorny
[@naorlivne]: https://github.com/@naorlivne
[@Nougat-Waffle]: https://github.com/Nougat-Waffle
[@qnighy]: https://github.com/qnighy
[@rabinadk1]: https://github.com/@rabinadk1
[@sammck]: https://github.com/@sammck
[@snobu]: https://github.com/snobu
[@techalchemy]: https://github.com/techalchemy
[@theGOTOguy]: https://github.com/theGOTOguy
[@theskumar]: https://github.com/theskumar
[@ulyssessouza]: https://github.com/ulyssessouza
[@venthur]: https://github.com/venthur
[@x-yuri]: https://github.com/x-yuri
[@yannham]: https://github.com/yannham
[@zueve]: https://github.com/zueve
[Unreleased]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v1.0.0...HEAD
[1.0.0]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.21.0...v1.0.0
[0.21.1]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.21.0...v0.21.1
[0.21.0]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.20.0...v0.21.0
[0.20.0]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.19.2...v0.20.0
[0.19.2]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.19.1...v0.19.2
[0.19.1]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.19.0...v0.19.1
[0.19.0]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.18.0...v0.19.0
[0.18.0]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.17.1...v0.18.0
[0.17.1]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.17.0...v0.17.1
[0.17.0]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.16.0...v0.17.0
[0.16.0]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.15.0...v0.16.0
[0.15.0]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.14.0...v0.15.0
[0.14.0]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.13.0...v0.14.0
[0.13.0]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.12.0...v0.13.0
[0.12.0]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.11.0...v0.12.0
[0.11.0]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.10.5...v0.11.0
[0.10.5]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.10.4...v0.10.5
[0.10.4]: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/compare/v0.10.3...v0.10.4
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